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    Review of Underlying Technology-IV

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    diecasttrader120

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    Review of Underlying Technology-IV

    Uploaded by

    diecasttrader120
    1 views18 pages

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1 views18 pages

    Review of Underlying Technology-IV

    Uploaded by

    diecasttrader120

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Review of Underlying Technology-

    IV
    •WirelessLAN
    •Token Ring
    •FDDI
    Wireless LAN
    Wireless computer network
    use high frequency radio waves instead of
    cables for connecting the devices
    Users connected by WLANs can move around
    within the area of network coverage
    based upon the standard IEEE 802.11 or WiFi
    Components of WLANs
    Stations (STA): comprises of all devices and
    equipment that are connected to the wireless
    LAN
    wireless network interface controller
    A station can be of two types −

    1. Wireless Access Point (WAP or AP)


    2. Client
    Components of WLANs
    Basic Service Set (BSS) − a group of stations
    communicating at the physical layer level.
     BSS can be of two categories −

    1. Infrastructure BSS
    2. Independent BSS
    Extended Service Set (ESS) − It is a set of all
    connected BSS.
    Distribution System (DS) − It connects access
    points in ESS.
    Types of WLANs
    Standardized by IEEE 802.11, operates in two
    basic modes
    1. Infrastructure Mode − Mobile devices or
    clients connect to an access point (AP) that in
    turn connects via a bridge to the LAN or
    Internet. The client transmits frames to other
    clients via the AP.
    2. Ad Hoc Mode − Clients transmit frames
    directly to each other in a peer-to-peer fashion.
    Advantages of WLANs
     Provide clutter-free homes, offices and other
    networked places
     LANs are scalable in nature, i.e. devices may be
    added or removed from the network at greater ease
    than wired LANs
     System is portable within the network coverage.
    Access to the network is not bounded by the length
    of the cables
     Installation and setup are much easier than wired
    counterparts
     Equipment and setup costs are reduced
    Disadvantages of WLANs
    Radio waves are used for communications, the
    signals are noisier with more interference from
    nearby systems.
    Greater care is needed for encrypting
    information. Also, they are more prone to errors.
    So, they require greater bandwidth than the
    wired LANs.
    WLANs are slower than wired LANs.
    Token Ring LAN
     Token ring (IEEE 802.5) is a communication
    protocol in a local area network (LAN)
     All stations are connected in a ring topology
     Pass one or more tokens for channel acquisition
     Token is a special frame of 3 bytes
     Circulates along the ring of stations
     Station can send data frames only if it holds a
    token
     Tokens are released on successful receipt of the
    data frame
    Token Passing Mechanism in Token
    Ring
    Token Bus
     Token Bus (IEEE 802.4) is a standard for
    implementing token ring over virtual ring in LANs
     Physical media has a bus or a tree topology and uses
    coaxial cables
     Virtual ring created with the nodes/stations
     Token passed from one node to the next in a
    sequence along this virtual ring
     Each node knows the address of its preceding
    station and its succeeding station
     Station can only transmit data when it has the token
     Working principle of token bus is similar to Token
    Ring.
    Token Passing Mechanism in Token
    Bus
    Token Ring Frame Format

    • Start frame delimiter (SFD)


    • Access control (AC)
    • Frame control (FC)
    • Destination address (DA)
    • Source address (SA)
    • Data
    • Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
    • End delimiter (ED)
    • Frame status (FS)
    Access Control (AC)
    Frame Control (FC)
    FDDI
    Fiber Distributed Data Interconnect
    Provides data rate of 100 Mbps
    Uses Optical fiber cable.
    Data is encoded in pulses of light
    Used as network backbone
    Support upto 500 stations
    Expensive to implement
    Highly reliable
    Two counter rotating rings
    FDDI Features
    High transmission rates
    Throughput
    Large extensions
    Great node-to-node distance
    Fiber and copper media
    Easier to maintain
    FDDI Frame Format
    FDDI Frame
     The fields of an FDDI frame are −
     Preamble: 1 byte for synchronization.
     Start Delimiter: 1 byte that marks the beginning of the frame.
     Frame Control: 1 byte that specifies whether this is a data
    frame or control frame.
     Destination Address: 2-6 bytes that specifies address of
    destination station.
     Source Address: 2-6 bytes that specifies address of source
    station.
     Payload: A variable length field that carries the data from the
    network layer.
     Checksum: 4 bytes frame check sequence for error detection.
     End Delimiter: 1 byte that marks the end of the frame.

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