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VERTEX Form
of Quadratic Functions
Math 2Y 2 Vertex Form: f ( x ) a ( x h) k • h moves the parabola horizontally • k moves the parabola vertically • a makes the parabola narrow or wide
• VERTEX => (opposite h, k)
• Axis of Symmetry is x = opposite h
*Reminder* If a > 0 (positive), parabola opens up
If a < 0 (negative), parabola opens down EXAMPLE 1 Graph a quadratic function in vertex form
Graph y = –1 (x + 2)2 + 5. 4 SOLUTION STEP 1 Identify the constants 1a = – , h = – 2, and k = 5. 4 Because a < 0, the parabola STEP 2 opens Plot thedown. vertex (h, k) = (– 2, 5) and draw the axis of symmetry x = – 2. EXAMPLE 1 Graph a quadratic function in vertex form
STEP 3 Evaluate the function for two values of x.
– 1 x = 0: y = (0 + 2)2 + 5 = 4 4 – 1 x = 2: y = (2 + 2)2 + 5 = 1 4 Plot the points (0, 4) and (2, 1) and their reflections in the axis of STEP 4 symmetry. Draw a parabola through the plotted points. GUIDED PRACTICE
Graph the function. Label the vertex and axis of
symmetry.
1. y = (x + 2)2 – 3 h= k= Vertex: ( ___ , ___ ) a= Axis of symmetry: x = GUIDED PRACTICE
2. y = –(x + 1)2 + 5 h= k= Vertex: ( ___ , ___ ) a= Axis of symmetry: x = GUIDED PRACTICE
1 3. f(x) = 2 (x – 3)2 – 4 h= k= Vertex: ( ___ , ___ ) a= Axis of symmetry: x = Writing in Standard Form • Goal is to manipulate the numbers so that they are in the form f(x) = ax² + bx + c
*Reminder* Order of Operations: PEMDAS!!
• You will need to distribute monomials,
binomials, and trinomials! • Let’s look at some examples… EXAMPLE 3 Change from intercept form to standard form
Write y = –2(x + 5)(x – 8) in standard form.
y= –2(x + 5)(x – 8) Write original function.
= –2(x2 – 8x + 5x – 40) Multiply by Distributing. = –2(x2 – 3x – 40) Combine like terms. = –2x2 + 6x + 80 Distributive property EXAMPLE 3 Change from vertex form to standard form
Write f (x) = 4(x – 1)2 + 9 in standard form.
f (x) = 4(x – 1)2 + 9 Write original function.
= 4(x – 1) (x – 1) + 9 Rewrite (x – 1)2. = 4(x2 – x – x + 1) + 9 Multiply by Distributing. = 4(x2 – 2x + 1) + 9 Combine like terms. = 4x2 – 8x + 4 + 9 Distributive property = 4x2 – 8x + 13 Combine like terms. GUIDED PRACTICE
Write the quadratic function in standard form.
7. y = –(x – 2)(x – 7) ANSWER –x2 + 9x – 14
8. y = – 4(x – 1)(x + 3) ANSWER –4x2 – 8x + 12 GUIDED PRACTICE
