Livelihood

Livelihood
 Introduction
What do the
Project terms "urban
analysis slide 2livelihood" and
"rural livelihood" mean?
• Urban livelihood refers to the means by which people in urban areas
(town or cities) make a living, often involving diverse employment
opportunities, industrial activities, and services.
• Rural livelihood refers to the means of earning a living in rural or non-
urban areas, typically involving agriculture, livestock, and other
activities related to rural economies.
Project analysis slide 2
Parameters of comparison
Sources of
Activities done by the people
income of
in urban and rural areas
people

Lifestyle of the Type of

people in both Population environment in
urban and rural both rural and
areas urban areas
Activities done by the people in urban
and rural areas
 ###Urban Areas
 People in urban areas engage in a wide range of activities
because of the many opportunities and facilities available in
these densely populated places. Here are some typical
activities that city dwellers often participate in:
• **Employment and Work:**
Urban areas are often centers of economic activity, providing
numerous job opportunities in various sectors such as finance,
technology, healthcare, education, and services. Apart from these activities, urban living
offers diverse opportunities through
• **Education:**
workshops, networking, tech connectivity
Urban areas usually have a lot of schools, colleges, universities,
and health activities like yoga. Residents
and places for vocational training.
engage in volunteering, socializing in
• **Entertainment:**
cafes, and enjoy diverse culture. Fitness,
Urban dwellers have access to a variety of entertainment
public transport, and diverse culinary are
options, including theaters, cinemas, music venues, nightclubs,
equally integral.
and sports events.
 ###Rural Areas
 People in rural areas engage in a variety of activities that are
often tied to the traditional way of life. Here are some
common activities undertaken by people in rural areas:
• **Farming:**
Agriculture is a primary occupation in many rural areas. People
cultivate crops such as rice, wheat, corn, and various fruits and
vegetables. Livestock farming, including raising cattle, sheep,
goats, and poultry, is also common.
• **Outdoor recreation:**
Engaging in outdoor activities like hiking, fishing, and camping is
essential for rural residents. Beyond promoting physical well- Other than these activities, people
being, these pursuits offer a unique sense of peace in nature. involve in animal husbandry, forestry,
Whether exploring local trails or spending a night under the stars, handicrafts, traditional arts, and
these activities play a crucial role in fostering a deep appreciation community celebrations. Water
for the natural beauty that surrounds them. management, traditional medicine, and
3. **Community Events:** social gatherings are integral to rural life.
In rural areas, people actively participate in local events like fairs, Some communities also focus on
festivals, and farmers markets. These gatherings provide a lively education and healthcare initiatives.
platform for residents to celebrate their shared heritage and
display the results of their efforts.
 Sources of income of people
 ###Urban Areas
 Due to the abundance of diverse opportunities in urban environments, residents often have a variety of
income sources. Some common sources of income in urban areas include:
 **Entrepreneurship:**
Urban areas are hubs for entrepreneurial activities, with individuals starting their own businesses in fields like
retail, food services, technology, consulting etc, hence generating income.
• **Professional Services:**
Professionals such as doctors, lawyers, accountants, engineers, and consultants have work in urban areas,
generating income from their expertise.

• **Investments:**
Income can be derived from investments in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other financial instruments is
common among urban residents.
Arts and Entertainment, tourism,
technology and online platforms,
freelancing, real estate, government jobs
and retail businesses also contribute to
the income of urban residents.
 ###Rural Areas
 In rural areas, income varies with geography, climate, resources, and economic development. Below are som
common income sources of rural people:
• Agriculture:
Including crop cultivation and livestock farming, is a major income source in rural areas. Crops like grains, fruits,
and vegetables, along with livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, and pigs, contribute to income through
the sale of various products.
• Agro-processing:
Processing agricultural products into value-added goods, such as making jams, pickles, or milling grains into flour,
provides additional income for rural communities.
• Government Schemes and Programs:
• Various government initiatives and support programs aimed at rural development can also contribute to the
income of people in rural areas.
Rural income sources also include
fishing, forestry, handicrafts, tourism,
community initiatives, non-farm jobs,
remittances, and education-based
activities.
Lifestyle of people in urban and rural areas
 The lifestyle of people in urban and rural areas differs significantly due to various factors, including
environment, infrastructure, and economic opportunities.
• Urban life is fast-paced and busy, with modern jobs and a dynamic atmosphere. In contrast, rural life is
slower, often centered around traditional work like farming.
• The employment scenario highlights the difference—urban areas offer a variety of modern professions,
whereas rural settings mainly provide traditional occupations such as farming, and fishing. Nature also
comes into play, with cities restricted by concrete while rural areas embrace the natural environment.
• Community dynamics vary as well. Cities are diverse and bustling with activity, while rural areas foster
close-knit communities where neighbors support each other.
• Access to amenities also differs. Cities provide numerous conveniences, whereas rural areas have fewer
modern facilities, contributing to a simpler lifestyle.
 In conclusion, the differences in the pace of life, jobs, connection to nature, community, and amenities
contribute to the distinctiveness of urban and rural living.
Population in urban and rural areas
 The population dynamics of urban and rural areas differ
significantly based on various factors. Here is a comparison:
 ###Urban Areas
• **Population Density:**
Urban areas tend to have higher population densities with
crowded living spaces, high-rise buildings, and apartment
complexes.
• **Population Size:**
Urban areas are characterized by larger populations, often in
millions, as they serve as economic and cultural hubs
attracting people from diverse backgrounds.
• **Growth Rates:**
Urban areas experience higher population growth rates due to
factors like migration, job opportunities, and better access to
education and healthcare.
 ###Rural Areas
• **Population Density:**
Rural areas generally have lower population densities. The landscape is characterized by open spaces,
agricultural land, and dispersed housing.
**Population Size:**
Rural areas typically have smaller populations compared to urban areas. Villages and small towns may have
a few thousand residents or less.
• **Growth Rates:**
Rural areas experience slower population growth rates compared to urban areas. Factors such as limited job
opportunities, fewer educational and healthcare facilities, lifestyle preferences and migration to urban
centers contribute to this trend.
Type of environment in both rural and urban
areas
 Urban and rural environments differ significantly in terms of their characteristics, lifestyle, infrastructure,
and overall atmosphere. Here are some key distinctions between urban and rural environments:
• **Physical Landscape:**
- *Rural:* Open spaces, farmlands, and natural landscapes with low population density.
- *Urban:* High population density with tall buildings and crowded places.
• **Economic Activities:**
- *Rural:* Primarily agriculture, limited industrial presence, and small-scale industries.
- *Urban:* Diverse economic activities, including commerce, finance, technology, and industry.
• **Community Structure:**
- *Rural:* Strong sense of community with close-knit relationships and informal social interactions.
- *Urban:* More diverse population with formal and business-oriented social interactions.
• **Infrastructure:**
- *Rural:* Limited and basic infrastructure, less developed transportation, and narrower roads.
- *Urban:* Advanced and well-developed infrastructure, including utilities and communication networks.
• **Access to Services:**
- *Rural:* Limited access to healthcare, education, and other services; residents travel greater distances for
essentials.
- *Urban:* Better access to services, often concentrated and easily accessible.
• **Lifestyle:**
- *Rural:* Slower pace of life, focus on traditional values, and a closer connection to nature.
- *Urban:* Faster pace of life, emphasis on modernity and innovation, and greater cultural opportunities.