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Convention on

• CMS Migratory Species


• MIGRATORY SPECIES
• FLYWAYS
• CURRENT ISSUES
• WAY FORWARD

Present
By:
Ayushi
Kruti
Convention on Migratory Species

• About:
• It is an intergovernmental treaty under the UNEP- popularly known as
Bonn Convention.
• It was signed in 1979 and in force since 1983.
• As of 2024 the CMS has 133 Parties.
• India is also a party to CMS since 1983.
• AIM :
• It aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their
range.
• It lays the legal foundation to conduct conservation measures on a global scale
• The legal instruments under CMS may range from legally binding Agreements to less
formal MoU
Convention on Migratory Species

• The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change in collaboration


with the
United Nations Environment Programme/ Convention on Migrator
y Species (UNEP/CMS)
had organized a meeting of Range Countries to strengthen conservation
efforts for migratory birds and their habitats in the
Central Asian Flyway (CAF).
• Two appendices under CMS:

1.Appendix I: 2. Appendix II:


■ ‘Threatened ■ lists ‘Migratory
Migratory Species’. Species requiring
international
cooperation’.
• India and the CMS:

• India has signed a non-legally binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with


CMS on conservation and management of Siberian Cranes (1998), Marine
Turtles (2007), Dugongs (2008), and Raptors (2016).
• With 2.4% of the world’s land area, India contributes to around 8% of the known
global biodiversity.
• India also provides temporary shelter to several migratory species including
Amur Falcons, Bar-headed Geese, Black-necked Cranes, Marine Turtles,
Dugongs, Humpback Whales, etc.
What is a Migratory Species?

• A species or lower taxon of wild animals of which the entire population or any
geographically separate part of the population cyclically and predictably
cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries.
• ‘cyclically’ relates to a cycle of any nature.
• ‘predictably’ implies that a phenomenon can be anticipated to recur in
a given set of circumstances
FlywayS

• Nine major flyways


Central Asian Flyway

• The CAF is a major migratory route for birds, covering 30 countries


from the Arctic Ocean to the Indian Ocean.
• Indian subcontinent is a part of a CAF with at least 279 populations of
182 migratory waterbird species (including 29 globally threatened
species).
• It is home to more than 400 species of migratory birds, including
threatened and endangered species such as the Siberian crane and the
lesser white-fronted goose.
Current issue

• The two greatest threats to both CMS-listed and all migratory species are
overexploitation and habitat loss due to human activity.
• Three out of four CMS-listed species are impacted by habitat loss,
degradation and fragmentation, and seven out of ten CMS-listed species
are impacted by overexploitation.
• Climate change, pollution and invasive species are also having profound
impacts on migratory species.
• While some migratory species listed under CMS are improving, nearly half
(44 per cent) are showing population declines.
India’s Efforts for migratory Species(way forward)

• National Action Plan for the Conservation of Migratory Birds


(2018-2023)
• To reduce pressure on critical habitats and migratory routes To
stop the decline of migratory birds and reverse the scenario by
2027.
• To avoid threats to habitats and migratory routes and ensure their
sustainability for future generations.
• To support trans-boundary cooperation among various
countries along the Central Asian Flyway to conserve migratory birds
and their habitats.
• To improve the database on migratory birds and their habitats to
enhance our understanding of their conservation needs.
• India also Announced:
⚬ Conservation of marine turtles- by launching its Marine Turtle Policy and
Marine Stranding Management Policy, by 2020,
⚬ Reduction of pollution from micro-plastic and single-use plastic,
⚬ Transboundary protected areas for conservation of species like Tigers,
Asian elephants, Snow Leopard, the Asiatic Lion, the
one-horned rhinoceros, and the Great Indian Bustard, and
⚬ Sustainable infrastructure development like Linear Infrastructure Policy
Guidelines to tailor development in ecologically fragile areas.
• Project Snow Leopard (PSL): PSL was launched in 2009 to promote an
inclusive and participatory approach to conserve snow leopards and their
habitat.
• Dugong Conservation Reserve: India has established its first
Dugong conservation reserve in Tamil Nadu.

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