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Data Structures in C

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10 views

Data Structures in C

Uploaded by

khaldtaha1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Structures in C+

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Welcome to this comprehensive guide on data structures in C++. This
presentation will explore fundamental concepts, common data structures,
and their practical applications in software development. Data structures
provide the foundation for efficient storage and organization of data, enabling
the creation of powerful and optimized programs.
What are Data
Structures?
Organization Efficiency
Data structures provide a Choosing the right data
structured and systematic way structure can significantly impact
to store and manage data within the performance of your code.
a program. They define how By selecting the structure best
data is arranged and accessed, suited for the task, you can
enabling efficient operations. optimize speed, memory usage,
and overall efficiency.

Flexibility
Different data structures offer distinct functionalities. Understanding their
strengths and weaknesses allows you to select the structure that best
meets the specific requirements of your program.
Arrays in C++

1 Contiguous Memory 2 Fixed Size


Arrays store elements in contiguous memory locations, The size of an array is fixed at compile time, meaning you
providing direct access to any element through its index. cannot dynamically change its capacity after creation.

3 Efficient Access 4 Applications


Direct access to elements by index makes arrays efficient for Arrays are widely used for storing lists, tables, and other
searching and retrieving specific data. collections of data where elements are accessed sequentially or
randomly.
Linked Lists in C++
Nodes
1
Linked lists consist of nodes, each containing data and a pointer to the next
node in the sequence.

Dynamic Allocation
2
Linked lists are dynamically allocated, allowing for flexible resizing and
insertion/deletion of nodes at runtime.

Sequential Access
3
Elements in a linked list are accessed sequentially by following the pointers
from one node to the next.

Applications
4
Linked lists are suitable for representing lists where insertion and deletion are
frequent, such as managing queues, stacks, and dynamic lists.
Stacks and Queues in C+
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Stacks Queues
Stacks follow the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle, meaning Queues follow the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) principle, where the
the most recently added element is the first to be removed. first element added is the first to be removed. Picture a line at a
Think of a stack of plates, where the top plate is the first to be store, where the person at the front of the line gets served first.
taken.

• Push: Adds an element to the top of the stack. • Enqueue: Adds an element to the rear of the queue.
• Pop: Removes the top element from the stack. • Dequeue: Removes the front element from the queue.
• Top: Returns the top element without removing it. • Front: Returns the front element without removing it.
Trees in C++
Hierarchical Structure
Trees are hierarchical data structures where nodes are organized in a parent-child relationship, with a single root node at the top.

Traversal Methods
Various traversal methods, such as pre-order, in-order, and post-order, allow for systematic exploration of all nodes in the tree.

Applications
Trees are used for representing hierarchical data, such as file systems, decision trees, and search trees.
Graphs in C++
Type Description

Directed Edges have a direction, indicating a one-way relationship


between nodes.

Undirected Edges have no direction, representing a two-way relationship


between nodes.

Weighted Edges have associated weights, representing the cost or distance


between nodes.
Sorting Algorithms in C++

Bubble Sort Insertion Sort


Compares adjacent elements and Builds a sorted subarray by inserting
swaps them if they are in the wrong elements one at a time into their
order. Simple but inefficient for large correct position. Efficient for nearly
datasets. sorted data.

Merge Sort Quick Sort


Divides the array into halves, sorts Picks a pivot element and partitions the
each half recursively, and then merges array around it. Recursively sorts the
the sorted halves. Efficient and stable subarrays on either side of the pivot.
sorting algorithm. Generally faster than merge sort.
Searching Algorithms in C++

Linear Search Binary Search


Checks each element in the data structure sequentially until the Works on sorted data and repeatedly divides the search interval
target value is found. Simple but inefficient for large datasets. in half. Efficient and fast for searching within sorted arrays.
Applications of Data Structures
Data structures are fundamental building blocks in various software applications, including:

• Operating Systems: Memory management, scheduling, file systems.


• Databases: Storing and retrieving information, indexing, querying.
• Web Development: Handling user requests, session management, data caching.
• Game Development: Collision detection, pathfinding, character animations.
• Artificial Intelligence: Representing knowledge, learning models, solving problems.

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