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Delays in Computer Network

Its about delay in computer network....

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46 views4 pages

Delays in Computer Network

Its about delay in computer network....

Uploaded by

tripathipoojamail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Delays in Computer Network

The delays, here, means the time for which the processing of a particular packet
takes place.
1. Transmission Delay:
The time taken to transmit a packet from the host to the transmission medium is
called Transmission delay.

For example, if bandwidth is 1 bps (every second 1 bit can be transmitted onto the transmission
medium) and data size is 20 bits then what is the transmission delay? If in one second, 1 bit can be
transmitted. To transmit 20 bits, 20 seconds would be required.
Let B bps is the bandwidth and L bit is the size of the data then transmission delay is,
Tt = L/B
• Propagation delay:
After the packet is transmitted to the transmission medium, it has to go through the medium to reach
the destination. Hence the time taken by the last bit of the packet to reach the destination is called
propagation delay.

Factors affecting propagation delay:


Distance – It takes more time to reach the destination if the distance of the medium is longer.
Velocity – If the velocity(speed) of the medium is higher, the packet will be received faster.
Tp = Distance / Velocity

Note:

Velocity =3 X 10^8 m/s (for air)


Velocity= 2.1 X 10^8 m/s (for optical fibre)
• 3. Queueing delay:
• Let the packet is received by the destination, the packet will not be processed by
the destination immediately. It has to wait in a queue in something called a buffer.
So the amount of time it waits in queue before being processed is called queueing
delay.
• In general, we can’t calculate queueing delay because we don’t have any formula
for that.
• This delay depends upon the following factors:
If the size of the queue is large, the queuing delay will be huge. If the queue is
empty there will be less or no delay.
If more packets are arriving in a short or no time interval, queuing delay will be
large.
The less the number of servers/links, the greater is the queuing delay .
4. Processing delay:
• Now the packet will be taken for the processing which is called processing delay.
• Time is taken to process the data packet by the processor that is the time required by
intermediate routers to decide where to forward the packet, update TTL, perform header
checksum calculations.
• It also doesn’t have any formula since it depends upon the speed of the processor and the
speed of the processor varies from computer to computer.
• Note: Both queueing delay and processing delay doesn’t have any formula because they
depend on the speed of the processor
• This delay depends upon the following factors:
It depends on the speed of the processor.
Ttotal = Tt + Tp + Tq + Tpro
Ttotal = Tt+Tp
(when taking Tq and Tpro equals to 0)

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