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Introduction To Data Structures

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9 views

Introduction To Data Structures

Uploaded by

koroxa6604
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Data Structures
Explore the fundamental building blocks of computer
programming - the stack and queue data structures.
Understand their key properties and applications in
software development.
by LITESH PATEL
What is a Stack?
A stack is a fundamental data structure that follows the
Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. It is used to store a
collection of elements, where the most recently added
item is the first to be removed.
Stack Operations: Push, Pop, Peek, isEmpty
Push
Add an element to the top of the stack.

Pop
Remove and return the top element from the stack.

Peek
Retrieve the top element without removing it.

isEmpty
Check if the stack is empty (has no elements).
Applications of Stacks
Reversing Strings Expression Evaluation
Stacks can be used to reverse the order of Stacks are crucial for parsing and
characters in a string. evaluating mathematical expressions.

Backtracking Algorithms Function Call Management


Stacks enable efficient backtracking in Stacks keep track of function calls and their
algorithms that explore all possible return addresses.
solutions.
What is a Queue?

Queue Concept Queue Operations Queue Applications


A queue is a linear data The main operations are Queues have many practical
structure that follows the First- enqueue (add to rear), applications, such as modeling
In-First-Out (FIFO) principle. dequeue (remove from front), waiting lists and resource
and peek (view front). allocation.
Queue Operations: Enqueue, Dequeue,
Peek, isEmpty
Enqueue
1 Add an element to the end of the queue

Dequeue
2
Remove and return the first element in the queue

Peek
3
View the first element in the queue without removing it

isEmpty
4
Check if the queue is empty

Queues are a fundamental data structure used to manage the flow of information or tasks in a first-in,
first-out (FIFO) manner. The core queue operations are Enqueue, Dequeue, Peek, and isEmpty, which allow
developers to add, remove, view, and check the status of elements in the queue.
Time complexity of each operation of both
the data structures
The time complexity of the various operations for stacks and queues are as follows:

O(1) O(1)
Push/Enqueue Pop/Dequeue
Adding an element to the top of a stack or the Removing an element from the top of a stack or
rear of a queue takes constant time. the front of a queue also takes constant time.

O(1) O(1)
Peek isEmpty
Accessing the top/front element of a stack or Checking if a stack or queue is empty takes constant time.
queue without modifying the data structure takes
constant time.
The constant time complexity of these fundamental operations is a key advantage of using stacks and
queues, making them efficient data structures for a variety of applications.
Applications of Queues
Event Handling Task Scheduling CPU Scheduling Breadth-First
Search
Queues are used to Queues are Operating systems
manage the order of employed to use queues to Queues are a
events, ensuring schedule tasks, manage the order in fundamental data
they are processed prioritizing them which processes are structure in
in a first-in-first-out and ensuring they executed on the implementing
(FIFO) manner. are executed in the CPU. Breadth-First Search
correct order. (BFS) algorithms for
graph traversal.
Comparison

Similarities Key Differences Time Complexity


Both are linear data structures Stack follows LIFO, Queue Stack ops are O(1), Queue ops
that store and manage follows FIFO. Stack has are also O(1).
elements. push/pop, Queue has
enqueue/dequeue.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the stack and queue data structures are
fundamental concepts in computer science that enable
efficient and organized data manipulation. While they
have distinct characteristics and applications, both play
crucial roles in various software systems and algorithms.

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