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Short Circuit Test

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10 views16 pages

Short Circuit Test

Uploaded by

prasoon singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Program: B.

Tech, CS , Semester-1st ,First year

EEL-0106: Basics of Electricals and Electronics


Engineering

Unit No. 2

Short Circuit Test of Transformer

Mr. Neeraj Padney

Assistant Professor, EE/SOET

1 1
CONTENTS

1 Short Circuit Test


2 The short circuit test is performed on the secondary
3 The low voltage source is connected across the secondary
4 The circuit diagram of the short circuit test 5- The iron
loss of the transformer
6 Calculation of Short Circuit Test
7 The voltage regulation of the transformer
8 Student learning outcome 09-References
Short Circuit Test
The short circuit test is performed for determining the below mention parameter of
the transformer.
•It determines the copper loss occur on the full load. The copper loss is used for
finding the efficiency of the transformer.
•The equivalent resistance, impedance, and leakage
reactance are known by the
short circuit test.
The short circuit test is performed on the secondary

The short circuit test is performed on the secondary or high voltage winding of the
transformer. The measuring instrument like wattmeter, voltmeter and ammeter are
connected to the high voltage winding of the transformer. Their primary winding is
short-circuited by the help of thick strip or ammeter which is connected to its
terminal.
The low voltage source is connected across the secondary

The low voltage source is connected across the secondary winding because of which
the full load current flows from both the secondary and the primary winding of the
transformer. The full load current is measured by the ammeter connected across
their secondary winding.
The circuit diagram of the short circuit test
Continue….

The low voltage source is applied across the secondary winding, which is
approximately 5 to 10% of the normal rated voltage. The flux is set up in the core
of the transformer. The magnitude of the flux is small as compared to the normal
flux.
The iron loss of the transformer

The iron loss of the transformer depends on the flux. It is less occur in the short
circuit test because of the low value of flux. The reading of the wattmeter only
determines the copper loss occurred, in their windings. The voltmeter measures the
voltage applied to their high voltage winding. The secondary current induces in the
transformer because of the applied voltage.
Calculation of Short Circuit Test
Let,
•Wc – Wattmeter reading
•V2sc – voltmeter reading
•I2sc – ammeter reading
Then the full load copper loss of the transformer is given by
Equivalent resistance referred to the secondary side

Equivalent resistance referred to the secondary side is

Equivalent impedance referred to the secondary side is given by


The phasor diagram of the short circuit test of the
transformer
Continue…..

From the phasor diagram


Equivalent impedance referred to the secondary side is given by

The equivalent reactance referred to the secondary side is given by


The voltage regulation of the transformer

The voltage regulation of the transformer can be determined at any load and power
factor after knowing the values of Zes and Res.
In the short circuit test the wattmeter record, the total losses, including core loss
but the value of core loss are very small as compared to copper loss so the core loss
can be neglected.
Exercise

1Q. A A single phase transformer has 1500 turns on its primary winding and 200
turns on its secondary winding. The transformers “no-load” current taken from the
supply is 5 Amps at a power factor of 0.2 lagging. Calculate the primary winding
current, IP and its corresponding power factor, φ when the secondary current
supplying a transformer loading is 180 Amperes at 0.8 lagging

2Q. A single phase 50 Hz core type transformer has core of cross section area 300
sq. ems. The permissible maximum flux density is 1Wb/m2. Calculate the number
of turns per limb on the high and low voltage sides for a 3000/ 220v ratio.
Student learning outcome

1 Student should know about Efficiency and Voltage regulation of Transformer and
Its Functioning.
2 Student should know about Construction and working Principle of Transformer so
that they can Experiment the Open and short circuit test of Transformer with
More accurate reading .
REFERENCES

• Basic Electrical Engineering” by J.B Gupta


• Basic Electrical Engineering” by C L Wadhwa,
• “Basic Electrical Engineering” by Mehta V K and Mehta Rohit,
• “Basic Electrical Engineering” by Nagrath, I and Kothari,
• “Basic Electrical Engineering” by Mittle, V and Arvind Mittle,

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