Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Introduction

Shahab Haider

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Instructor
Email: [email protected]

Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

Office: Office # 3, Near PSD Lab, FES

Office Hours:

Week days: 9:00 AM - 4:00 PM

Students are encouraged to visit the office

(if I am not busy in some official work)

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Course TA
• Mr. Mohsin

• Never hesitate to contact TA or me whenever you have some

problem

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Books
Dietal and Dietal, “How to Program C++”
3rd Edition

J J Parson and Dan Oja, “Computer Concepts”

7th Edition

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Dishonesty, Plagiarism in Quizzes, Assignments

• All individuals involved in any kind of cheating in any exam,

quiz, assignment or project will get -50% score.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Attendance
• Students are required to attend 100% classes of courses
registered and can not abstain from even a single class.

• For circumstances beyond their control, students must apply

for leave on prescribed Leave Application form.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Tentative Evaluation Breakdown

Assignments (5) 10
Quizzes (5) 10
Term Project (1) 15
Midterm (1) 20
Final (1) 45

Total 100

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Course Execution
• 2 lectures of one hour every week
• 1 lab of three hours every week (CS 101 L)

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Course Outline
Part I: 05 Lectures
Computers & Applications, History of Computing, Introduction to Hardware
and Software, Peripheral Devices, Data Representation, Number
Systems, Conversion Methods, ASCII / Unicode, Microprocessors,
Memory, Storage Devices……….

Part II: 25 Lectures

Algorithms: Flowcharts & Pseudocode, Assignment Operators, If Selection
Statement, If… Else Selection Statement, Nested Control Structures,
switch Multiple-Selection Statement,
………………………………………………….……….. Passing Arrays to
Functions, Searching Arrays, Pointers, Library Functions and Header
Files

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Important Question …
• Why do we need programming?

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computers Today

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

A Tool for Communication

Social Networking

Searching
e-mail

Blog
Chat

Content Sharing
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

A Tool for Entertainment

Multimedia

Games
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer Revolution !
Mars
Rover

Flight
Simulator
Google Wearable Computer
Servers

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer
• We know how to use a computer

• We have an idea where it stands today

• YOU have to contribute towards its future !

• Now let’s look at what it is and the modest beginnings from

where it evolved !

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

What is a Computer (-1-)

• A computer is a machine that

– inputs (takes in) facts and information (known as data*)
– then processes (does something to or with) it
– can also store data
– afterwards it outputs, or displays, the results for you to see

* Data is all kinds of information, including,

pictures, letters, numbers, and sounds

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

What is a Computer (-2-)

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

What is a Computer (-3-)

• The defining feature of modern computers which

distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can
be programmed
– a list of instructions (the program) can be given to the computer
e.g.,
– add one number to another
– move some data from one location to another
– send a message to some external device, etc
– it will store them (in memory)
– and carry them out (execute) some time in future
– Usually in the same order in which the instructions were given

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-1-)

• The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in

1613
– referring to a person who carried out calculations, or
computations !

• The word continued to be used in that sense until the

middle of the 20th century
– before modern electronic computers were developed

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-2-)

• The history of the modern computer begins with two separate
technologies
– Automated Calculation
– Programmability

• Early computers were mechanical calculating devices such

as
– Abacus, 3000 B.C
– Slide rule

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-3-)

Chinese Abacus: for performing arithmetic processes

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-4-)

Slide Rule: for performing multiplication, division, computing

roots, logarithms, trigonometric functions
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-5-)

• ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer -
was the first general-purpose electronic computer developed
around 1946
• operated at 5 kIPS [thousand instructions per second]
» Today's desktops can perform 10000+ MIPS
• weighed 30 tons (Equals weight of an average Asian
elephant)
• size was roughly 8.5 x 3 x 80 feet
• contained around 5 million hand-soldered joints
• consumed 150 kW of power; enough to dim the lights of
Peshawar when it was run!
– Input was given from an IBM card reader
– An IBM card punch was used for output
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-6-)

Working
on,
rather
‘inside’ ,
ENIAC

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-7-)

IBM Punch Card: Programs and data were punched by hand or

a key-punch-machine and read into a card reader

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

• Punch cards to:

• Start a job
• Compile a job
• Load a job
• Execute a job
• End a job
• Mainframe Operating System
• First rudimentary OS
• Based on batch processing

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Four kind of Computers

1 Microcomputers
– These are the most widely used and the fastest-growing type of
computers. There are two major categories:
– Desktop Computers are small enough to fit on top or along the
side of a desk and yet are too big to carry around.
• Personal Computers
• Workstations
– Portable Computers are small enough and light enough to move
easily from one place to another.
• Laptops: 10-16 pounds in weight
• Notebooks: 5-10 pounds in weight
• Subnotebooks: 2-6 pounds in weight
• Personal Digital Assistants: Also known as palmtop
computers and handheld PCs. They combine pen input,
writing recognition and communication capabilities

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Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

2 Minicomputers
 They are desk size machines.
 They fall between microcomputers and mainframe computers
in their processing speeds and data-storing capabilities.
 They might be used for research or monitoring a particular
manufacturing process.
 Smaller companies have been using minicomputers for their
data processing needs such as accounting/billing systems.

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Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

3 Mainframe Computers
 These are large computers.
 They are capable of great processing speeds and data-
storage.
 They are used by large organizations – business, banks,
government agencies etc – to handle millions of transactions.
 For example, airline companies use mainframe computers to
process information about millions of travelers.

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Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

4 Supercomputers
 The most powerful type of computer is the supercomputer.
 These machines are special, high-capacity computers used by
very large organizations.
 For example, NASA uses supercomputers to track and control
space explorations.
 Supercomputers are also used for oil exploration, simulations
and worldwide weather forecasting.

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Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Do you know GIKI has a super computer?

• The facility consists of 160 CPU Cores,
• 1024 GPU Cores
• 640 GB RAM
For details: http://www.giki.edu.pk/Documents/HPCManual.pdf

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

The future of computers predicted in the past

• I think there is a world market for maybe

five computers.
-- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943

• Computers in the future may weigh no

more than 1.5 tons.
-- Popular Mechanics, 1949

• There is no reason anyone would want a

computer in their home.
--Ken Olson, CEO, Digital Equipment
Corp., 1977

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

References
• http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/
Basic_Computing_Using_Windows
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
• http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/teaching/cs4/
summer.08/notes/historyofcomputing/
• http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html
• http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL-e-h.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi