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Lecture 11

Digital communication

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32 views9 pages

Lecture 11

Digital communication

Uploaded by

robi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture-11

Technologies for Web


Applications
Professor Dr. Dipankar
Das
Department of ICE, RU
Fundamentals of Web Technologies
• Roots of Web Application
– Markup
– Hypertext
• Markup:
– Typographic instructions for document formatting
• ISO defines the following markup classes:
– Markup: To add information as to how characters and
contents should be represented in the document.
– Descriptive markup: Describes the structure and other
attributes of a document
– Processing instructions: Consisting of system-specific data;
it controls the way a document is processed.
Fundamentals of Web Technologies
• SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language

• SGML serves as a starting point for a number of


specialized markups, particularly HTML and XML
Hypertext and Hypermedia
• Hypertext is used as the organization of the
interconnection of single information units.
Relationships between these units can be
expressed by links.
• It is the basic conceptual grounding of the World
Wide Web.
• Hypertext designates the linking of information
units in their text version
• Hypermedia is commonly seen as a way to extend
the hypertext principle to arbitrary multimedia
objects, e.g., images or video
Client/Server Communication on the Web
• The client/server paradigm underlying all Web applications forms the
backbone between a user (client or user agent) and the actual application
(server)
• This communication model is primarily based on a 2-layer architecture

• Different protocols are used:


• SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• RTSP – Real Time Streaming Protocol
• HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol

Client-Side Technology
Server-Side Technology
Client-Side Technology
• Helpers and Plug-ins
– Helper programs are applications that can add
functionality to Web browsers
• Examples: WinZip or Acrobat Reader
• A helper program has to be installed by the user
• The helper program is then invoked
• Any program can basically become a helper
• A major drawback of helpers is their complex
communication with the browser. Plug-ins can solve this
problem
– A plug-in is a helper program permanently installed
into the browser for optimized communication
Client-Side Technology
• Java Applets
– Programs written in Java that are loaded dynamically
into the browser
– They run in a so-called “sandbox”, which prevents
them from directly accessing system resources on
the client, or lets them access resources only after
checking security policies
– Applets are loaded by a Web server and executed in
a browser within a runtime environment called Java
Virtual Machine
– Applets are not persistently stored on a system.
Client-Side Technology
• ActiveX Controls
– ActiveX Controls are standard COM (Components Objects Model)
components designed to provide a certain set of interfaces (COM interfaces)
– A Web browser can load such a component from a Web server, instantiate it
via the COM runtime system, and then use that component’s functionality
– ActiveX Controls are compiled into binary code, which provides excellent
performance
– ActiveX Controls are stored in the browser’s special cache directory for
faster processing
– It can access all system areas and functions of the user who owns the
security context
– Therefore, Microsoft has developed a method allowing ActiveX Control
vendors to use a crypto method to sign these components
– When an ActiveX Control is loaded in a browser, the certificate of the
ActiveX vendor can be displayed
– A user can decide whether he or she agrees to run the program
– It can be developed in different languages: Java, Visual Basic, and C++
Next Class
• Document-Specific Technologies for Client-Side

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