TM 16 Report

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 25

WHO PLANS FOR THE

FUTURE?
Ms. Anne Margaret M. Pelingon, MBA,
SMRIHosM
WHO PLANS THE FUTURE?

OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the four approaches to
tourism planning;
2. Describe the levels of tourism
planning and development; and
3. Define the role of the government in
tourism development.
APPROACHES TO TOURISM
PLANNING
• In 1987, Donald Getz, published a paper
on the various approaches to tourism
planning. These are from the point of view
of a tourism advocate, an economist, and
a physical or land use planner. Later on, a
fourth point of view from the grassroots or
community was added.
1. THE TOURISM ADVOCATE
• The term used to refer to this approach is
“boosterism”, from the root word “boost”
which means to heighten or improve.
• Cultural and natural resources should be
used and promoted to attract tourists, and
the local community must be taught to
welcome tourism activities.
2. THE ECONOMIST
• The economic approach to tourism planning
treats tourism as equal to other industries;
tourism is just one of the many tools for
economic development.
• This type of planner thus views tourism as a
creator of employment, earner of foreign
revenue, tool to improve terms of trade, bridge
for regional development and a way to lessen
disparity, as tourism is believed to redistribute
income (as discussed in Lesson 2.).
3. THE ENVIRONMENTALIST
• This type of planner thus takes into
consideration the physical carrying capacity,
the visitor’s perception of the natural
environment, national parks management or
management of environmentally sensitive
areas, and the impact of tourism on the
environment.
4. THE COMMUNITY
• This is the popular planning approach for
ecotourism, community-based tourism
enterprise development, and fair trade
tourism.
• Participation and cooperation of stakeholders,
beginning at the planning stage up to post-
implementation, are thus important to make
the whole process work.
THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN
TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

• Is to coordinate the comprehensive


development of a country or locality, taking
into consideration the various concerns of its
constituents.
• Here are the mandates of some Philippine
government agencies with which have a
stake in tourism planning and development.
1. THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Source: Section 5 of Executive Order 230

• The National Economic and Development


Authority (NEDA) is an office directly under
the President of the Philippine. It is in charge
of formulating and coordinating integrated
social and economic policies and programs of
the government.
• The phrase “to integrate” means to join or jell
together the various efforts of all the offices
under government so that all will work towards
a common goal and towards the same
direction.

• This process is crucial especially in budget


planning; for no plan may be executed without
funds.
2. THE PHILIPPINE DEPARTMENT
OF TOURISM
Source: History of the Department of Tourism

• DOT was created by law in 1973 under


Presidential Decree No. 189, along with the
Philippine Tourism Authority (now called Tourism
Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority or
TEIZA) as its implementing arm for
infrastructure development, and the Philippine
Convention Bureau (now called Tourism
Promotions Board) as its marketing arm.
• DOT is regarded as “the primary government
agency mandated with the responsibility to
encourage, promote and develop tourism as a
major socio-economic activity in the country.
• When the 20-year Philippine Tourism Master
Plan (TMP) was completed in 1991, it was
adopted by the government as the blueprint for
tourism development, involving other
concerned government agencies as well as the
private sector to support its implementation.
• The TMP allowed DOT to create
committee and task forces to ensure that
the programs identified in the TMP are
well-implemented.
3. LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
Source: Republic Act 7160

• Also in 1991, the Local Government Code of


the Philippines was signed into law. This law
mandates the devolution of some functions of
the national government to the local
government units (LGUs). This means that
some of the tasks of the line agencies are
passed on to become the responsibility of the
governor, the mayor, and their staff.
• These functions include among others
granting permits to tourism establishments
and tour guides, tourism promotion, and
product development at a certain degree, etc.

• The Philippine government has two levels:


the national and local.
EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIARY
BRANCH BRANCH
NATIONAL
DOT Senate
NEDA Congress

Mayor Vice Mayor Judge


LOCAL
Governor Members of Local trial
the council courts
• In tourism planning and development (TPAD),
each brand and level of the government has a
role to play.

• While the DOT is mainly in charge of


maintaining tourism product and service
standards as well as promotion especially to
the foreign market, the LGUs issue permits
and licenses to tourism businesses and service
providers such as tour guides.
• LGUs have a better understanding of the
needs and strengths of their respective
localities; hence, they are in the best position
to create and implement a comprehensive
development plan for the area and its people.

• Unfortunately, many LGUs do not have


enough resources to fully realize the
potentials of their lands and people.
• Moreover, some LGUs are pressed to
address basic needs first such as health and
agriculture, rather than dedicate funds to
harness the localities’ tourism potentials
through the provision of the needed
infrastructure and promotion.

• Some LGUs are able to tap additional


resources such as funds from the national
government and/or foreign governments.
TOURISM STAKEHOLDERS

• Tourism stakeholders are groups of people


who hold an interest in a particular tourist
destination. Aside from government offices,
they include the industry – the businesses
and the tourist – and the community as well.
A United Nations Economic and Social
Commissions for Asia and the Pacific
( UNESCAP) presentation illustrates a simple
tourism value chain this way:

Tourism
Intermediary Consumers
Principal
Figure 6.1: Simple Tourism Value Chain
Tourism Principal Intermediary Consumers
•Are those •Promote the •Link the
suppliers of tourist consumers to
tourism products destinations the supplies by
and services such providing
as: hotels, means to
restaurants, convert
museums, shops inquiries into
and transport actual
companies. bookings.

Those consumers refer to the tourists.


• Nonetheless, it has been established that
tourism is not really a simple industry, as it
is composed of many sectors. Hence, the
simple tourism value chain above can be
expanded as follows:
Outbound Country Inbound Country
Distribution International Distribution Regional Lodging Excursions
Land Transport
Transport
Travel International National National Air Luxury Excursion
Agent Air Transport Travel Agent Carriers Hotels Operators

Tour International National Tour Ground Large Local


Tourist Operator Sea Operator Transport Hotels Guides
Transport Services
Independe Local Tour Inland Sea Small Retail
nt Operator Transport Hotels
Services
Natural Assets in Tourist Destinations and Host
Community, Floral/Fauna, Environment , Historical
Sites, Identity Groups

Figure 6.2: The Tourism Global Value Chain

Source: The Tourism Global Value Chain: Economic Upgrading and Workforce Development (Christian et al., 2011)

You might also like