TM 16 Report
TM 16 Report
TM 16 Report
FUTURE?
Ms. Anne Margaret M. Pelingon, MBA,
SMRIHosM
WHO PLANS THE FUTURE?
OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the four approaches to
tourism planning;
2. Describe the levels of tourism
planning and development; and
3. Define the role of the government in
tourism development.
APPROACHES TO TOURISM
PLANNING
• In 1987, Donald Getz, published a paper
on the various approaches to tourism
planning. These are from the point of view
of a tourism advocate, an economist, and
a physical or land use planner. Later on, a
fourth point of view from the grassroots or
community was added.
1. THE TOURISM ADVOCATE
• The term used to refer to this approach is
“boosterism”, from the root word “boost”
which means to heighten or improve.
• Cultural and natural resources should be
used and promoted to attract tourists, and
the local community must be taught to
welcome tourism activities.
2. THE ECONOMIST
• The economic approach to tourism planning
treats tourism as equal to other industries;
tourism is just one of the many tools for
economic development.
• This type of planner thus views tourism as a
creator of employment, earner of foreign
revenue, tool to improve terms of trade, bridge
for regional development and a way to lessen
disparity, as tourism is believed to redistribute
income (as discussed in Lesson 2.).
3. THE ENVIRONMENTALIST
• This type of planner thus takes into
consideration the physical carrying capacity,
the visitor’s perception of the natural
environment, national parks management or
management of environmentally sensitive
areas, and the impact of tourism on the
environment.
4. THE COMMUNITY
• This is the popular planning approach for
ecotourism, community-based tourism
enterprise development, and fair trade
tourism.
• Participation and cooperation of stakeholders,
beginning at the planning stage up to post-
implementation, are thus important to make
the whole process work.
THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN
TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Tourism
Intermediary Consumers
Principal
Figure 6.1: Simple Tourism Value Chain
Tourism Principal Intermediary Consumers
•Are those •Promote the •Link the
suppliers of tourist consumers to
tourism products destinations the supplies by
and services such providing
as: hotels, means to
restaurants, convert
museums, shops inquiries into
and transport actual
companies. bookings.
Source: The Tourism Global Value Chain: Economic Upgrading and Workforce Development (Christian et al., 2011)