Computer

Networking
MA. HELEN M. TANGENTE
RENE F. PASIONA
JOHN PAULO C. CHAVEZ
Facilitators
Computer Network

A collection of
computing devices
that are connected in
various ways in order
to communicate and
share resources
Computer Network
Usually, the connections between computers in a
network are made using physical wires or cables
However, some connections are wireless, using
radio waves or infrared signals
Computer Network
More specifically, a network is any method of sharing
information between two systems (human or
mechanical).
Types of Network

 Local Area Network (LAN)

 Wide Area Network (WAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
A network that connects a relatively small number of machines in
a relatively close geographical area.

Current LANs are most likely to be

based on Ethernet technology.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A network that connects two or more local-area networks
over a potentially large geographic distance
Often one particular node on
a LAN is set up to serve as a
gateway to handle all
communication going between
that LAN and other networks
Communication between
networks is called internetworking
or the Internet, as we know it
today, is essentially the ultimate
wide-area network, spanning the
entire globe
 BENEFITS OF SHARING INFORMATION VIA
NETWORK
In addition to reducing hardware costs by sharing expensive printers
and other peripherals among multiple users, networks provide additional
benefits to the users.

•Software and data files can be shared for access by multiple users
•Electronic mail e-mail can be sent and received
•Collaboration features allow contributions by multiple users to a single
document
•Remote-control programs can be used to troubleshoot
•problems or show new users how to perform a task
TCP/IP

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

TCP software breaks messages into packets, hands them off to the
IP software for delivery, and then orders and reassembles the
packets at their destination
IP stands for Internet Protocol
IP software deals with the routing of packets through the maze of
interconnected networks to their final destination
Network Addresses
 An IP address can be split into
 network address, which specifies a specific network
 hostnumber, which specifies a parIticular machine in that
network

HOST

192.168.0.
NETWORK
NUMBER

1ADDRESS
IP Address Class
IP Address Class
 Class A addresses are assigned to networks with a very large
number of hosts. The high-order bit in a class A address is
always set to zero. The next seven bits (completing the first
octet) complete the network ID. The remaining 24 bits (the
last three octets) represent the host ID. This allows for 126
networks and 16,777,214 hosts per network. Figure 1.4
illustrates the structure of class A addresses.
IP Address Class
 Class B addresses are assigned to medium-sized to large-
sized networks. The two high-order bits in a class B address
are always set to binary 1 0. The next 14 bits (completing the
first two octets) complete the network ID. The remaining 16
bits (last two octets) represent the host ID. This allows for
16,384 networks and 65,534 hosts per network. Figure 1.5
illustrates the structure of class B addresses.
IP Address Class
 Class C addresses are used for small networks. The three
high-order bits in a class C address are always set to binary 1
1 0. The next 21 bits (completing the first three octets)
complete the network ID. The remaining 8 bits (last octet)
represent the host ID. This allows for 2,097,152 networks and
254 hosts per network. Figure 1.6 illustrates the structure of
class C addresses.
Equipment, Tools and
Materials for Networking
1. COMPUTER UNITS
2. SWITCH HUB
3. WIRELESS ROUTER
4. CRIMPING TOOL
5. PRINTER
6. LAN TESTER
7. REGISTERED JACK (RJ) 45
8. UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE CAT5 OR
CAT5E
Create your own Ethernet
Cable
Directions: Prepare the following tools and materials in fabricating
your own cross-over and straight-through cables.

Materials:
 UTP Cable Category 5e or Cat5e-standard wire for cabling;
 RJ45 crimpable connectors for Cat5e;

Tools:
 Crimping tool;
 Ethernet cable Tester / LAN Tester
Ethernet Cable

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is

the cable that has two or four pairs
of wires. This type of cable relies
solely on the cancellation effect
produced by the twisted-wire pairs
that limits signal degradation
caused by electromagnetic
interface (EMI) and radio frequency
interference (RFI). UTP is the most
commonly used cabling in
networks. UTP cables have a range
of 328 feet (100 m).
UTP Cable
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Categories

Cat.5e Cat.6

Up to Up to 10Gbps over 33-55

Speed
1000Mbps meters of cable

Frequency Up to 100Mhz Up to 250Mhz

100 Meters for

Max. Cable 1000Mbps
100 Meters
Length Higher Network Speed
over short distances
Standard
24-26 AWG
Gauges in 22-24 AWG wire
wire
Conduction
RJ-45 Connector

The standard connector for

unshielded twisted pair cabling is a
(Registered Jack) RJ-45 connector.
This is a plastic connector that
looks like a large telephone-style
connector. A slot allows the RJ-45 to
be inserted only one way.
Straight-through Ethernet cable

The straight-through Ethernet cable is used in local area

network to connect a PC to a network hub and router.
This is the standard cable used for almost all purposes.
Use Straight-through on the
following connection:
Router to ISP
Switch to Router
Computer to Router
Computer to Switch
Computer to Hub

Both Ends of the cable has the same color coding

Cross-Over Ethernet cable

A cross-over cable, on the other hand, can be used to connect

two network devices directly, without the need for a router in
the middle. It simply reverses some of the pins so that the output on
one computer is being sent to the input of another.
For LAN cable color coding memorize
the pairings below.
Cable Fabrication Procedures
1. Cut into the plastic sheath 1 inch from the end of
the cut cable. The crimping tool has a razor blade
that will do the trick with practice.
Cable Fabrication Procedures
2. Unwind and pair the similar colors.
Cable Fabrication Procedures
3. Pinch the wires between your fingers and
straighten them out. The color order is important to
do this correctly.
Cable Fabrication Procedures
4. Use scissors/wire cutter to make a straight cut
across the wires 1/2 inch from the cut sleeve to the
end of the wires.
Cable Fabrication Procedures
5. Carefully push the 8 unstripped colored wires into
the connector. Note the position of the blue plastic
shielding. Also note how the wires go all the way to
the end.
Cable Fabrication Procedures
6. Take view from the top. Make sure the wires are
all the way in. There should be no short wires.
 Cable Fabrication Procedures
7. In crimping the cable – carefully place the connector into
the Ethernet Crimper and cinch down on the handles tightly.
The copper splicing tabs on the connector will pierce into each
of the eight wires. There is also a locking tab that holds the
blue plastic sleeve in place for a tight compression fit. When
you remove the cable from the crimper, that end is ready to
use.
 Cable Fabrication Procedures
8. For a standard straight-through cable, repeat all steps and
wire color order on the other end of cable. For a cross-over
cable, the other end will have a different color order
 Cable Fabrication Procedures
9. Make sure to test the cables before installing them. An
inexpensive Ethernet cable tester does this quite well.
 CONFIGURATION of Network
IP
1. Click on the start menu and click Control Panel
 CONFIGURATION
2. When the control panel window opens you will see items in
either Category View (Continue with step #3) or Classic View
(Skip to item #4)
 CONFIGURATION
3. Find and double click on the Network and Internet
Connection icon.
 CONFIGURATION
4. Next, find and click on the Network and Internet Connection
icons. Point and click on the Network Sharing Center, Select
Change Adapter Settings. A window will open with all network
connections available on the computer (wired and wireless)
 CONFIGURATION
5. Find the network
connection you want to
manually configure, right
click on it and select
Properties from the pop‐up
menu.
 CONFIGURATION
6. In the connection
properties window, under the
section labelled “This
connection used the
following items:” find the
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
item and double click it.
 CONFIGURATION
7. A new window will open;
select the second radio
button which is labelled “Use
the following IP Address”.
 CONFIGURATION
8. Enter the appropriate
IP Address (192.168.0.1);
subnet mask usually
255.255.255.0 and the
gateway (the router or
the proxy server
address).
 CONFIGURATION
9. The next part of the
windows will now have a
radio button selected which
is labelled “Use the following
DNS server addresses”
 CONFIGURATION
10. If you need to access the
internet, enter the address
provided by your ISP; if you
do not have that information
you can use the Open DNS
server IP (208.67.222.222 and
208.67.220.220).
 CONFIGURATION
11. After entering the
required information, click
the OK button twice and
close the control panel
window.
 FILE/FOLDER SHARING
 Right
click the folder you
want share
 Select Properties
 FILE/FOLDER SHARING
 Select Sharing Tab
 FILE/FOLDER SHARING
 SelectSharing under Network
File and Folder Sharing
FILE/FOLDER SHARING

 Choose people to share with

 Select Everyone from the drop
down box then select Add
 Edit Permission Level to Read
FILE/FOLDER SHARING

 Choose people to share with

 Select Everyone from the drop
down box then select Add
 Edit Permission Level to Read/Write
 Select Share
 FILE/FOLDER SHARING
 Select Advance Sharing
 FILE/FOLDER SHARING
 Check Share this folder
 Shared Name is set to default
FILE/FOLDER SHARING

 SelectPermissions, a
Dialog Box will appear
 Select Full Control (for
the files you shared to
be edited/altered by
other user of the
network)
 SHARING PRINTER
 Control Panel
 View Devices and Printers
 SHARING PRINTER
 Right
Click Installed Printer
you want to share
 Select Printer Properties
 SHARING PRINTER
 Select Sharing Tab
 SHARING PRINTER
 Under Sharing Tab
 Check Share this printer
Share Name “Default Printer Name
“
 SHARING PRINTER
 Additional
Drivers (Install both
64bit & 86bit Printer Driver), click
OK
 Browsepath of the driver
software
 Configure Wireless Router
To manually set up your router:
 1.If you have started the Cisco Connect setup, exit Cisco
Connect.
 2. Connect your router’s power adapter to a power outlet.
 3.Connect an Ethernet cable to the computer and to an
available numbered Ethernet (blue) port on the back of your
router.
 4.Open a web browser on the computer and open the
address 192.168.1.1. A login window appears.
 5.Enter Default User and Password on the login windows
(username: admin Password: admin)
Configure Wireless Router

 To manually configure your router’s Internet connection:

 Setup > Basic Setup
 1. Log into the browser-based utility.
 2. Click the Setup tab, then click the Basic Setup page.
 3. In the Internet Connection Type drop-down list, click the type
of Internet connection provided by your ISP.
Configure Wireless Router

 To reconfigure your wireless network:

 Wireless > Basic Wireless Settings or Wireless Settings
 1. Log into the browser-based utility.
 2. Click the Wireless tab, then click the Basic Wireless Settings or
Wireless Settings page.
 3. Click Manual. This enables you to make changes to all of the fields
below.
Configure Wireless Router

 a. Network Mode—Your choice depends upon the clients that will connect to
your network. If all of your devices are Wireless-N capable, you can select
Wireless-N Only for either or both bands. On the 5 GHz band, you can select:
• Mixed (default), which accepts connections from 802.11a or 802.11n clients
• Wireless-A Only (802.11a only)
• Wireless-N Only (802.11n only)
• Disabled, which disables the 5.0 GHz band on this router On the 2.4 GHz band, you
can select:
• Mixed
• Wireless-B/G Only
• Wireless-B only
• Wireless-G Only
• Wireless-N Only
• Disabled
Configure Wireless Router
 b. Network Name (SSID)—Provide a unique SSID for your 5 GHz wireless network.
The name must not exceed 32 keyboard characters. In the example above, the 5 GHz
wireless network was renamed BronzeEagle5GHz.
 c. Channel Width—We recommend that you keep the default (Auto) settings. In
Auto mode, the router and the network clients automatically switch to the 40 MHz
mode if:
• Your wireless clients support the 40 MHz mode (sometimes called Bonded
mode) in which two 20 MHz channels are bonded together for better performance.
• There is no adjacent interference.
With more available channels and less chance of interference on the 5 GHz band, you
have the option to force the 40MHz mode. On the 5GHz band, you can select:
• Auto (20 MHz or 40 Mhz)
• 20 MHz Only
• 40 MHz Only
On the 2.4 GHz band, you can select:
• Auto (20 MHz or 40Mhz)
• 20 MHz Only
Configure Wireless Router

 d. Channel—Choose the operating channel for each band. Your router will
automatically select the channel with the least amount of interference if you
leave the default Auto or Auto (DFS) setting. We recommend keeping the
default settings for both bands.
 e. SSID Broadcast—When wireless clients look for wireless networks to
connect to, they detect the SSID (wireless network name) broadcast by the
router. To broadcast your router’s SSID, keep the default setting (Enabled). If
you do not want to broadcast the router’s SSID, select Disabled. We
recommend keeping the default setting (Enabled) for both bands.
 f. Security Mode - Wireless > Wireless Security—The 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz
networks can use different security options. Select the security option for
each wireless network. If the security mode you select requires a passphrase,
a Passphrase field appears, and you must enter a passphrase.
 Configure MAC Filtering
What is MAC filtering? The best way to secure your
wireless network is to use Cisco Connect to automatically
configure and secure it. However, if you choose not to use
the built-in security features of your router, you can still
control access to your wireless network using MAC filtering.
Every network device has a unique, 12-digit MAC (Media
Access Control) address. Using MAC filtering, you can
allow only known MAC addresses onto your network. You can
also exclude specific MAC addresses or deny them access to
your wireless network.
 Configure MAC Filtering
To set up MAC filtering to allow one wireless device access to your
network:
Wireless > Wireless MAC Filter
1. Log into the browser-based utility
2. Click the Wireless tab, then click the Wireless MAC Filter
page.
3. Click Enabled.
4. Select Permit – to Allow access to PC listed
5. Select Prevent – to Deny access to PC Listed
Thank you!
MA. HELEN M. TANGENTE
RENE F. PASIONA
JOHN PAULO C. CHAVEZ
Facilitators