Scribd
Upload
29 views35 pages

Electric Circuits

Uploaded by

garrettyang91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views35 pages

Electric Circuits

Uploaded by

garrettyang91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

ELECTRICI

TY:ELECTR
IC
CIRCUITS
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND ITS
RELEVANT PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

• Electric current
• Electric voltage
• Electric
resistance
ELECTRIC CURRENT, I
• Electric current is simply a flow of electric charge.
• Electric current in a wire is defined as net amount of
charge that passes through a given point per unit time.
ch arg e q
I orI 
time t
• SI unit: ampere (A) and 1A = 1C / s

• Current is a scalar quantity.


VOLTAGE, V
• The electric potential energy per unit of
charge is called potential (J/C)
• Voltage is the difference of potential across the
circuit.
• SI unit of voltage or Potential difference is
volt (V) = J/C
• The most common source of voltage
is “Battery”.
BATTERY (VOLTAGE
SOURCE)
• 1.5 V battery means the voltage
across two terminals is 1.5 V.
• Battery provides 1.5 J of energy
to each Coulomb of charge that
Direction of
flows across the wire. current

1.5
V
cel symb Batter
+l - ol + y -
CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
• The current in a 3.0 V battery of a pocket
calculator is 1.5 A. In 5 minute of operation, how
much charge flows in the circuit?
RESISTANCE, R
• Resistance is the property of the
substance which limits or opposes
the current flowing across it.
• Resistance is indicated with ‘R’
• SI unit: ohm, Ω
More resistance requires
more voltage to make
charges flow!
RESISTANCE, R
• Resistance offered by conductor depends upon:
Length of the conductor, [R]
{longer wires have more resistance than short wires}
RESISTANCE, R
• Resistance offered by
conductor depends upon:
Area of cross-section
of the conductor, A
[R]
{Thick wires have
less resistance than
thin wires}
DIRECTION OF CURRENT
• Inside a solid material, only
electrons can move.

• Conventional direction of current


is from positive to negative
electrode.

• We usually use the conventional


direction for current.
HOW TO CONNECT AN AMMETER AND A VOLTMETER:

Ammeter goes in series Voltmeter goes in parallel


HOW TO MEASURE THE CURRENT AND
THE VOLTAGE

• Ammeter: measures the current and goes in series


with the element.
• Voltmeter: measures the voltage across the element
and goes in parallel with element.
O H M ’ S L AW

REL ATION BETWEEN CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE

current is
directly
proportional
to voltage,
and inversely
proportional
to resistance
.
O H M ’ S L AW

REL ATION BETWEEN CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE

EQUATION

here, = current (A)


V = voltage or potential difference (V)
R = resistance (ohm, Ω) 1 Ω = 1 V/A
Ohm’s law and Ohmic elements:

Non-Ohmic element
Ohmic element
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A voltage of 30 V is applied to a wire with a


resistance of 60 Ω. Calculate the current.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A voltage of 10 V produces a current of 0.5 A.


Calculate the resistance.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

What is the current through this


light?
220 Ω

9V
ELECTRIC SHOCK

What two things


determine the current
through your body?

Voltage
Current =
Resistance
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
When the switch is
When the switch is
open there is a gap
between the
closed then
conductors and current can flow.
current cannot flow.
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Load Load

Energy
Energy source
source

Switch
Switch
TYPES OF CIRCUITS
• There are two ways to connect
multiple loads to one circuit - in series
or in parallel.
SERIES CIRCUIT
A circuit in which all parts are
connected in a single shared loop.

All the loads


share the same
current
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
A circuit in which different loads are
located on separate branches.

•All the loads share


the same voltage.

•Full battery
voltage is applied to
each load!
SERIES CIRCUIT
A circuit in which all parts are
connected in a single shared loop.

If one goes out,


the circuit is
broken!
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
A circuit in which different loads are
located on separate branches.

•All the loads share


the same voltage.

•Full battery
voltage is applied to
each load!
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
A circuit in which different loads are
located on separate branches.

• Each branch
works
independently.
• If one goes out
the other will
still work.
ELEMENTS CONNECTED IN
SERIES
• Total resistance of the circuit
(equivalent resistance) is the
sum of all resistances:
R1 + R2 + R3 +… = R (tot)

• Same current passes through


all elements
I1 = I2 = I3 =…… = I
(tot)

• The voltages add up giving


the total voltage of battery:
V1 + V2 +V3 +….. = V
(tot)
ELEMENTS CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL
• Total resistance of the
circuit is given by:

• The voltages are equal and


equal to the total voltage:
V1 = V2 = V3 = V(tot)

• Currents add up giving the


total current:
I(tot) = I1 + I2 +I3
Equivalent circuit

You might also like