Lesson

10

GLOBAL
MIGRATION
WHAT IS MIGRATION?
 Migration- is the movement of
people from one place to
another with the intensions of
setting, permanently
temporarily at a new location.
 People who move from one
place to another in search of
work or shelter are called
Migrants.
Two types of Migration:
 Internal Migration- which refers
to people moving from one area to
another with one country.
 International Migration- which
people cross borders of one
country to another.

The latter can be further broken

down into Five Groups:
 FIVE
GROUPS:
1. Immigrants- who were permanently move
to another country.
2.Workers who stay in another country for fixed
period (at least 6 months in a year).
3. Illegal migrants
- (undocumented immigrant)
-refers to the migration of people into
a country in violation of the immigration laws
of that country, or continued residence of
people without the legal right in that country.
4. Migrants whose families have
“petitioned” them to move to the
destination country.

5. Refugees (Asylum seeker)

-A person who has been
forced to leave their country in order
to escape war persecution or natural
disaster.
POSITIVE IMPACT OF MIGRATION

 Unemployment is reduced and people

get better job opportunities.
 Migration helps in improving the quality
of life of people.
 It helps to improve social life of people
as they lean about new culture,
customs, and languages which help to
improve brotherhood among people.
 Migration of skilled workers leads to a
greater economic growth of the region.
 Children got better opportunities for
higher education.
 The population density is reduced and
the birth rate decreases.
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF MIGRATION
 The loss of a person from rural areas,
impact on the level of output and
development of rural areas.
 The influx of workers in urban areas
increases competition for the job,
houses, school facilities etc.
 Having large population puts too much
pressure on natural resources.
Amenities and services.
 It is difficult for a villager to survive in
urban areas because in urban areas there
is no natural environment and pure air.
They have to pay for each and everything.
 Migration increased the slum areas in
cities which increase many problems such
as unhygienic conditions, crime, pollution
etc.
 Migration changes the population of a
place; therefore, the distribution of the
population is uneven in India.
 Many migrants are completely illiterate
and uneducated; therefore, they are
not only unfit for most jobs, but also
lack basic knowledge and life skills.
 Poverty makes them unable to live a
normal and healthy life.
 Children growing up in poverty have no
access to proper nutrition, education or
health.
 Sometimes migrants are exploited.
 Migration is one of the main causes of
increasing nuclear family where
children grow up without a wider family
circle.
 e 1: Migrant Contribution to Destination Coun
n dollars and percentage of National GDD, 201

Countr Contribution Percentag

y e of GDP
United $52 trillion 11%
States
Germany $550 billion 17%

United $390 billion 14%

Kingdom
Australia $330 billion 25%

Canada $320 billion 21%

Fifty percent of global migrants have
moved from the developing countries to
the developed zones of the world and
contribute anywhere from 40 to 80 percent
of their labor force. Their growth has
outstripped the population growth in the
developed countries (3 percent versus only
0.6 percent), such that today, according to
the think-tank McKinsey Global Institute,
“first- generation immigrants constitute 13
percent of the population in Western
Europe, 15 percent in North America and
48 percent in the GCC countries. The
percentages of migrants in cities are 92
percent in the United State, 95 percent in
 Demographers estimate that 247 million
people are currently living outside the
countries of their birth.
10% Refugee
and
Asylum seekers

90% moved for

economic
reasons
Top 3 Region of Origin
 Latin America (18%)
 Eastern Europe and Central Asia (16%)

 Middle East and North Africa (14%)

Country Destinations
 West
 Middle East
 United States (topping the list)
 India
 Mexico
 China Ranking 6th in the world
 Philippines
 Afghanistan
PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
 BENEFITS AND DETRIMENTS FOR SENDING COUNTRIES

Even if 90% percent the value generated by

migrant workers remains in their host countries,
they have sent billions back to their home
countries.

(The Remittances by Migrant in 2014 totaled

$580 billion)
 India- highest recorded remittances (70 billion)

 China- (62 billion)

 Philippines- (28 billion)

 Mexico-(25 billion)
WHAT REMITTANCES ALL ABOUT?

Remittances
-are funds transferred from migrants
to their home country. They are the
private savings of workers and families
that are spent in home country for
food, clothing and other expenditures
and which drive the home economy.
 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
OF THE MIGRANTS REMITTANCES

 Remittances make significant

contributions of the development of
small and medium term industries that
help generate jobs.
 Can change the economic and social
standing of migrant.
 May help in lifting households out
poverty, but not in a rebalancing
growth especially in a long run.
Global Migration is siphoning qualified personal
removing dynamic young workers.
This process has often been referred as brain drain
According to Mc Kinsey

Global trustitute, container in sub Saharan Africa and

Asia house lost one third of their college graduates.
60 of those moved to OECD destinations were college
graduates compared to just 90 percent of the overall
population in the country. Fifty two percent of Filipino
who leave for work in the developed world have
tertiary education, which is more than double the 23
percent of the overall Filipino population.
 Governments are aware of this long term
handicap but have no choice but to continue
promoting migrant work as part of state policy
because the remittances on GDP.

 They are equally concerned with generating

jobs for as underutilized workforce and in getting
the maximum possible in flow of worker
remittances. Governments are thus actively
involved in the recruitment and development like
the BUREAU of MANPOWER employment and
training in Bangladesh protector of Immigrants
within the India Labor Ministry and the Philippines
Overseas Employment Agency (POEA).
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Human Trafficking
 The act of luring, or forcing a

person into leaving their home to

work for little or no payment.
 Is the trade of humans for the

purpose of forced labor, sexual

slavery, or commercial sexual
exploitation for the traffickers or
others. This may encompass
providing a spouse in the context
of forced marriage, or the
extraction of organs of tissues,
including for surrogacy and ova
removal.
Example of Human Trafficking
The 3 most common types of human
trafficking are sex trafficking, forced labor
and debt bondage.
Forced labor
also known as involuntary servitude, is the
biggest sector of trafficking in the world,
according to the U.S. Department of State.
Cause of trafficking
The causes of human trafficking are
complex and interlinked and include economic,
social and political factors. Poverty alone does
not necessarily create vulnerability to trafficking,
but when combined with other factors, these can
lead to a higher risk for being trafficked.
Who are most common victims of
human trafficking?

 According to the Report, the most

common form of human trafficking (79%) is
sexual exploitation. The victims of sexual
exploitation are predominantly women and
girls. Surprisingly, in 30% of the countries
which provided information on the gender of
traffickers, women up the largest proportion
of traffickers.
EFFECTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

 Victims of human trafficking can

experience devastating psychological
effects during and after their trafficking
experience. Many survivors may end up
experience post-traumatic stress,
difficulty in relationships,
depression, memory loss, anxiety,
fear, guilt, shame, and other
severe forms of mental trauma.
WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?

 Work with a local religious community

or congregation to help stop trafficking
by supporting a victim service provider
or spreading awareness of human
trafficking.
 Businesses: Provide jobs,
internships, skills training, and other
opportunities to trafficking survivors.

 Students: Take action on your

INTEGRATION
Integration- is the process by which
immigrants become accepted into
society, both as individual and as
groups.
COUNTRIES CONSIDERABLE VARIATION IN THE ECONOMIC
INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS FROM:

 China
 India often have more
success
 Western Europe

While those from:

 Middle East
this are the countries face
Greater challenges
 North Africa
in securing job.
 Sub-Sarahan Africa
UNITED STATES AND SINGAPORE, THERE
BLUE COLLAR AS WELL AS WHITE COLLAR
ARE FILIPINO WORKERS;

 Doctors
 Engineers
 Even corporate executive, the
professional, white collar workers
that have often times been easier
to Integrate.
DEMOCRATIC STATE

Assimilate the immigrants and their children by

granting them citizenship, switching
citizenship just be a formality;

 Linguistic Difficulties
 Customs from old countries
 Differing Religions
-may create cleavages between migrants and
citizenship of receiving countries, particularly
in the west, crucially, lack of integration gives,
Xenophobic and anti-immigrants group.
HOW THE LOGIC OF POLICYMAKING

 Offer a vision for both immigrants and receiving

societies.
 Coordinate with immigration policies.
 Promote integration policies that acknowledge
diversity.
 Provide for National realities.
 Understand the importance of urban areas
 Recognize the local context
 Involve non-governmental organizations.
 Delegate authority appropriately integration
works.
CONCLUSION

Global migration entails the

globalization of people. And like the
border globalization process, it is uneven.
Some migrants experience their
movement as liberating process. A highly
educated professional may find moving to
another country financially rewarding. At
the other end, a Vitim of sex trafficking
may view the process of migration as
dislocating and disempowering.
 Like globalization, moreover
migration produces different and
often contradictory responses. On
the one hand, many richer states
know that migrant labor will be
beneficial for their economies. With
their aging populations, Japan and
Germany will need more workers
from demographically young
countries like Philippines. Similarly,
as working populations in countries
like the United State move to more
skilled careers, their economies
 And yet, despite these benefits,
developed countries continue to
excessively limit and restrict migrant labor.
They do so for numerous factors already
by shielding it from newcomers. Other
states use migrants a scapegoats, blaming
them for economic that are, in reality,
caused by government policy and not by
foreigners.

Yet, despite these various contradictions,

it is clear that different forms of global
interdependence will ensure that global
migration will continue to be of the major
issues in the contemporary world.