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Control Structure C Language

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Control Structure C Language

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shilpajahagirdar93
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Control Structures

Lesson 9
MANOLO L. GIRON
RMTU
Structure of Programming Language
Control Structures
• is a control statement and the collection of statements whose
execution it controls.
• also known as a construct, depicts the logical order of program
instructions.
• Three basic control structures are;
1. Sequence or Assignment
2. Selection
3. Repetition
4. Unconditional Branching
Structure of Programming Language
SEQUENCE OR ASSIGNMENT
CONTROL STRUCTURE
• A sequence control structure shows one or more
actions following each other in order.
• Actions include inputs, processes, and outputs.
• All actions must be executed; that is, none can
be skipped.

Structure of Programming Language


• Examples of actions are reading a record,
calculating averages or totals, and printing totals.
Example using C language
average = (2+3+4)/3;

Structure of Programming Language


SELECTION CONTROL
STRUCTURE
• A selection control structure tells the program
which action to take, based on a certain condition.
• Selection statements fall into two general
categories:
1. two-way
2. n-way, or multiple selection.
Structure of Programming Language
Two-Way Selection Statements
• The general form of a two- Example using C language
way selector is as follows:
if (expression) if (cows > 10)
{ printf("loads of them!\
{ Block of statements; } n");}
else Else
{printf("Executing else
{ Block of statements; }
part...!\n");}

Structure of Programming Language


USING TERNARY OPERATOR
• ? : Operator
• The ? : operator is just like an if ... else statement except that
because it is an operator you can use it within expressions.
• ? : is a ternary operator in that it takes three values, this is the
only ternary operator C has.
• ? : takes the following form:
• if condition is true ? then X return value : otherwise Y value;
Structure of Programming Language
USING TERNARY OPERATOR
Example using C language

#include <stdio.h>

main()
{
int a , b;

a = 10;
printf( "Value of b is %d\n", (a == 1) ?
20: 30 );

printf( "Value of b is %d\n", (a == 10) ?


20: 30 );
}
Structure of Programming Language
N-WAY, OR MULTIPLE SELECTION

• The multiple-selection statement allows the


selection of one of any number of statements or
statement groups. It is, therefore, a
generalization of a selector.
• In fact, two-way selectors can be built with a
multiple selector using ELSEIF.

Structure of Programming Language


N-WAY, OR
MULTIPLE
SELECTION General Form;

ELSEIF If (control_expression 1)
{statement 1}
Else-if statements else if(control_expression 2)
are based on the {statement 2}
common else if(control_expression 3)
mathematics {statement 3}
statement, the else
{statement}
conditional
expression.
Structure of Programming Language
N-WAY, OR MULTIPLE
SELECTION
• Example using C language
• if (cows == 5 )
• { printf("We have 5 cows\n"); }
• else if (cows == 6 )
• { printf("We have 6 cows\n"); }
• else if (cows == 7 )
• { printf("We have 7 cows\n"); }
Structure of Programming Language
N-WAY, OR MULTIPLE
SELECTION
SWITCH General form is
switch( expression )
• This allows {
control to flow
case constant-expression1:
through more
statements1;
than one
[case constant-expression2:
selectable code
statements2;]
segment on a
[case constant-expression3:
single execution.
Structure of Programming Language statements3;]
[default : statements4;]
• char Grade = 'B';
• switch( Grade )
• {
• case 'A' : printf( "Excellent\n" );
• break;
• case 'B' : printf( "Good\n" ); Produce
• break; result
• case 'C' : printf( "OK\n" );
• break; Good
• case 'D' : printf( "Mmmmm....\n" );
• break;
• case 'F' : printf( "You must do better
than this\n" );
• break;
• default : printf( "What is your grade
Structure of Programming Language
anyway?\n" );
}
Repetition Control Structure
• The repetition control structure enables a
program to perform one or more actions
repeatedly as long as a certain condition is met.
• Many programmers refer to this construct as a
loop.

Structure of Programming Language


FOR Statement
• The general form of C’s for statement #include <stdio.h>
is main()
for( expression1; expression2; {
expression3) int i;
{ int j = 10;
Single statement for( i = 0; i <= j; i ++ )
or {
Block of statements;
printf("Hello %d\n", i );
}
}
Structure of Programming Language
}
WHILE Statement

• The following forms: Example


while ( expression ) #include <stdio.h>
main()
{ {
Single statement int i = 10;
while ( i > 0 )
or
{
Block of statements; printf("Hello %d\n", i );
} i = i -1;
}
}
Structure of Programming Language
do...while loop statement

• Basic syntax of do...while loop is #include <stdio.h>


as follows:
• do main()
{
• { int i = 10;
• Single statement
do{
• or
printf("Hello %d\
• Block of statements; n", i );
• }while(expression); i = i -1;
Structure of Programming Language
}while ( i > 0 );
}
Unconditional Branching
• An unconditional branch statement transfers execution
control to a specified location in the program.
• The unconditional branch, or goto, is the most powerful
statement for controlling the flow of execution of a
program’s statements.
• A command that transfers control to the location that is
the value of the variable.

Structure of Programming Language


• SYNTAX Rem Program to demonstrate the
GoTo command Rem GoTo command.
Rem OUTPUT: text on the screen
Cls
Print “Hello World!”
Print “How are you?”

A GoTo L1

B Print “I’m fine.”

C L1: Print “Goodbye!”


Structure of Programming Language
Assignment

1. Example of code Assignments statement using C#, Python,


Ruby language.
2. Example of code programs using if_then_else statement in C#,
Python, Ruby language.
3. Example of code program using ELSEIF statement in C#,
Python, Ruby language.
4. Example of program using Switch statement in C#, Python,
Ruby language.
5. Example of program using any loop statement in C#, Python,
Structure of Programming Language

Ruby language.

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