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Artificial Intelligence Unit 1

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52 views15 pages

Artificial Intelligence Unit 1

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sktambe371122
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
Prof. Y.P. Sonawane

Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research


Nashik
OVERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE UNIT 1
Foundation of AI

Artificial Intelligence
Foundation of AI

Maturation of Artificial Intelligence (1943-1952)

Year Founders Findings

1943 Warren McCulloch and artificial neurons.


Walter pits
1949 Donald Hebb modifying the connection strength between
neurons - Hebbian learning.

1950 Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence -


Turing test.

Artificial Intelligence
Foundation and history of AI

The golden years-Early enthusiasm (1956-1974)


Year Founder Findings Model

1966 Joseph first chatbot -


Weizenbaum ELIZA.

1972 Japan intelligent


humanoid
robot -
WABOT-1

Web Technology
History of AI

The first AI winter (1974-1980)


*computer scientist dealt with a severe shortage of

funding from government for AI researches.

The second AI winter (1987-1993)


Again Investors and government stopped in funding for
AI research as due to high cost but not efficient result.
The expert system such as XCON was very cost effective.

Artificial Intelligence
State of Art AI

• State-of-art is a state characterization. This characterization is mostly used in


technology, science, advertising, and marketing. State-of-the-art means the "newest"
or "latest" version of a device, technology, or theory. This concept is known as "cutting
edge" or "leading edge."
• Artificial intelligence technologies are widespread today and will become even more
widespread in the future. The main reason behind this is that these technologies are
now serving daily life. Whether it's in hospitals, retail, security, education, or
agriculture, AI technologies are making our jobs easier in almost every field you can
think of.
• Machine-human communication cannot be limited to people who know to code and
work in this field. Thanks to recent developments, this is no longer the case.

Artificial Intelligence
Benefits of Artificial Intelligence

▪ Automation- Automation is one of the most commonly cited benefits of AI technology,


and it has had significant impacts on the communications, transportation, consumer
products, and service industries
▪ Smart Decision making- Artificial Intelligence has always been used for making
smarter business decisions. AI technology can coordinate data delivery, analyze
trends, develop data consistency, provide forecasts, and quantify uncertainties to
make the best decisions for the company.
▪ Enhanced Customer Support- AI-powered solutions can help businesses to respond
to customer queries and grievances quickly and address the situations efficiently. The
use of chatbots that couple conversational AI with Natural Language Processing
technology can generate highly personalized messages for customers
▪ Medical Advances-The use of Artificial Intelligence solutions in the healthcare sector
is becoming increasingly popular these days. Remote patient monitoring technology,
for instance, allows healthcare providers to perform clinical diagnoses and suggest
treatments quickly without requiring the patient to visit the hospital in-person.
Artificial Intelligence
2) Agents and Environments

▪ An agent is anything that can perceive its environment through sensors and acts upon
that environment through effectors.

▪ A human agent has sensory organs such as eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin parallel
to the sensors, and other organs such as hands, legs, mouth, for effectors.

▪ A robotic agent replaces cameras and infrared range finders for the sensors, and
various motors and actuators for effectors.

▪ A software agent has encoded bit strings as its programs and actions.

▪ PEAS( Percepts, Effectors, Actions, Sensors)

Artificial Intelligence
3) Ideal Rational Agent

▪ An ideal rational agent is the one, which is


capable of doing expected actions to maximize its
performance measure, on the basis of −

▪ Its percept sequence


▪ Its built-in knowledge base

▪ Rationality of an agent depends on the following −

▪ The performance measures, which determine the


degree of success.

▪ Agent’s Percept Sequence till now.

▪ The agent’s prior knowledge about the


environment.

▪ The actions that the agent can carry out. AI


Real World Agents

▪ An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment


through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators

▪ Human agent: eyes, ears, and other organs for sensors; hands, legs,
mouth, and other body parts for actuators

▪ Robotic agent: cameras and infrared range finders for sensors; various
motors for actuators

Web Technology
Intelligent Agents

▪ Agent’s structure can be viewed as −

▪ Agent = Architecture + Agent Program


▪ Architecture = the machinery that an agent executes on.
▪ Agent Program = an implementation of an agent function.
▪ Intelligent agents can be Human, Robot and Animal
Problem solving approch to AI problems

▪ There are basically three types of problem in artificial intelligence:

▪ 1. Ignorable: In which solution steps can be ignored.

▪ 2. Recoverable: In which solution steps can be undone.

▪ 3. Irrecoverable: Solution steps cannot be undo.

Artificial Intelligence
5) Problem solving approch to AI problems

▪ Steps problem-solving in AI: The problem of AI is directly associated


with the nature of humans and their activities. So we need a number of
finite steps to solve a problem which makes human easy works.

▪ These are the following steps which require to solve a problem :

▪ Problem definition: Detailed specification of inputs and acceptable


system solutions.

▪ Problem analysis: Analyse the problem thoroughly.

▪ Knowledge Representation: collect detailed information about the


problem and define all possible techniques.

▪ Problem-solving: Selection of best techniques

Artificial Intelligence
THANK YOU !!
Prof. Y.P.Sonawane

[email protected]

K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik

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