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VARIETIES OF
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Adopt cultural and intercultural
awareness and sensitivity in communication of ideas. VARIETIES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE The English language may be used in two levels:
• according to structure: standard or non-standard
• according to use: formal or informal FORMAL VS. INFORMAL
• according to use: formal or informal STANDARD FORMAL ENGLISH Formal English
It refers to expressions that are correct and acceptable.
It used in academic writing, mostly in writing than in
speaking. It is a language of government, of most businesses, of science and legal documents, and is used by schools, universities and organizations.
It does not use contractions and casual, conversational or
colloquial terms. STANDARD FORMAL ENGLISH Formal English
It refers to expressions that are correct and acceptable.
It used in academic writing, mostly in writing than in
speaking. It is a language of government, of most businesses, of science and legal documents, and is used by schools, universities and organizations.
It does not use contractions and casual, conversational or
colloquial terms. STANDARD INFORMAL ENGLISH Informal English
It is used in almost all ordinary conversations.
It may be used in writing or in speaking. Friendly letters,
personal essays, and feature articles, advertisements on television, and newspapers use this language.
It includes contractions and conversational or colloquial
language. The standard informal English is used more in speaking than in writing. CONTRACTIONS
Informal Formal
It didn’t It did not
They’ve They have ere before ‘em them we’ll we will you’re you sre he’s he is / he has You’re = You are
Hence, we say “you’re welcome” NOT “your welcome.”
We’ll = We will
Thus, we say “We’ll go there” NOT “Will go there.”
Personal Pronouns
Informal/ Formal Conversational I think this is an eff ective This could be an plan. eff ective plan.
You poured the chemicals
in the test tube. The chemicals were poured in the test tube. Impersonal/imprecise words
Vague/imprecise Formal
lots of many
nice excellent, pleasant
big large
things/ stuff reasons/problems
like such as DIALECT AND SLANG
• according to structure: standard or non-standard NON-STANDARD ENGLISH
Non-standard English refers to the expressions used by
the careless and unschooled users of the language.
English is considered non-standard when it does not
follow the rules of standard English.
Two kinds of non-standard English are dialect and slang.
SL ANG is composed of SL ANG expressions that often embody attitudes and cultures of group members.
It makes language colorful.
Slang is not acceptable or
used in formal situations. DIALECT
Dialect is an ex pres sion th at is res tri cted to a spec ifi c
geograph ic al loc ation or a s oc ial or eth ni c grou p.
It is cons idered n on -s tan dard as it diff ers from the
s tandard En glish of edu c ated s peakers.
It makes us ed of w ords, pronu n c iation an d s en ten c e
s tructures not us ed in s tan dard En glis h.
T his form develops w h en people live in is olati on. As a
result, th eir dial ec t varies from the Standard En glis h . PINULUNGAN’G SUGBU-ANO’NG BINIS AYA Cebu Other Places
Maayo’ng Buntag! Maajung Buntag!
Wala Waya
Sala Sa
Imuha Imuhon (To whoever gets to understand this letter, CONGRATULATIONS!)
The following is a letter found at a
certain bar in Manila and have been preserved to its original unedited form. Enjoy reading and you may try to direct translation in Tagalog, Pls. read with feelings…… October 1996, To Marjorie
I am not surprise or wander why Dennis leave you why?
What reason can you think about but you’re very fat body. I thought before that Dennis only use me to his toy but sooner and later I’m realize that he really can’t not beared or stomached to be with you anymore because at first, Dennis say he could not stand you’re habit of making pakialam all his walks (lakad) and always calling to their house what he got home or this or that. (Continued)
And then he say he get ashame to me either in
school or in his family and then asking you to exercise you’re very very, very fat body. But you hate it. Thought you’re the most preetiest girls he knows about. What do you think you are “ Beautiful Girl” of Jose Mari Chan? (Continued)
Even you are beautiful face ( to your think) you do not have the right to called me whatsoever or else difference name one time or the other for the real purposed to insults my personality because I’m never call you names either in the front of Dennis or in the backs of Dennis, but if you start already to calling me different name, I don’t have any other choice but to call you other different name to. Like you are a PIG, FAT, OBESSED, OVERWIGHT, AND UGLY SHAPE girl. Shame to you’re body that is to a BUDING. (Continued)
You can’t not blame Dennis for exchanging you to me because I am the more sexier that you when you look to us in the mirror. I’m repeat again that you are like Lozada when she is a girl.
Love, The sexiest Girl of D.M.
P.S.
You say that I’m the bad breathe but who is Dennis want to kissed. Me or you? And the final is me. There you go Your tasked is to improve the letter using formal English.
• Type-written using letter-size (short) paper
• Font style: Arial • Font style: 12 • Spacing: Single
