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Stepper Motor

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Roshan Joshua
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39 views17 pages

Stepper Motor

Uploaded by

Roshan Joshua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEPPER

MOTOR
Stepper Motor
A stepper motor, also known as step motor or stepping motor, is an electric
motor that rotates in a series of small and discrete angular steps.
Stepper motors are so named because each pulse of electricity turns the motor
one step. Stepper motors are controlled by a driver, which sends the pulses into
the motor causing it to turn. The number of pulses the motor turns is equal to the
number of pulses fed into the driver.
Types of Stepper Motor
Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor

1.Single Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor


2.Multi Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor
Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor
Hybrid Stepper Motor
Single Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor
A single stack variable reluctance stepper motor has a salient pole
stator & rotor.
The stator has a concentrated windings which are placed over the
stator poles.
The stator and rotor are made of high-quality magnetic materials
having very high permeability.
Thus, a very small exciting current is required. When a DC source
is applied to the stator phase with the help of a semiconductor
switch, a magnetic field is produced. The axis of the rotor aligns
with the axis of the stator.
 The number of phases of the stator depends upon the connection of the stator coils.
 The rotor is made up of ferromagnetic materials and carries no windings.
Step Angle
→The angle through which the motor shaft rotates for each command pulse is called the step
angle.
→ It is can be as small as 0.72 and as large as 90
β= 360/ m*Nr
 The number of poles on the stator and rotor are different.
 This gives the motor ability,
1. Bidirectional rotation
2. Self starting capability.

Nr=Ns ± (Ns/q)
Multi Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor
It has m no of stack.

No of stator poles and rotor poles are equal.

β= 360 degree/ m*Nr ,Nr = Ns=12, β=10 degree


Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor
Stator - Multi polar
Rotor – Smooth Cylindrical Type(Ferrite Material)
It has 90 degree of rotation

Disadvantages:
No small size
Small steps are not possible
Hybrid Stepper Motor
Hybrid Stepper Motor is the combination of variable reluctance stepper motor and
permanent magnet stepper motor
Rotor - auxiliary magnetized with Permanent Magnet
Stator – Electromagnetically Magnetized
It has 40 Stator teeth and 50 rotor teeth
It has 8 stator poles

β = ((50-40)*360 degree)/50*40 = 1.8degree


It produces detent Torque Td
In phase A – 1,3,5,7 are connected in series
In phase B – 2,4,6,8 are connected in series
It follows a sequence +A, +B, -A, -B, +A, +B
One phase ON or full step operation
 While energizing A phase, reluctance torque causes the rotor to rotate until axis of phase A
aligns with the rotor pole.

 Since θ =0 magnetic reluctance becomes small. Therefore rotor comes to equilibrium or


rest position.

 While phase b is energized s2 is turned on.

 Rotor poles (1 ,3) and (2,4) experience torque in opposite direction.

 The rotor poles (2,4) experiences the greater torque than (1,3).

 To change the direction of the rotation switching sequences is reversed .


Two Phase on Mode

 In this mode 2 phases are energized simultaneously.

 When phase a and b energized , rotor experience torque


from both phases.

 Rotor comes to rest in a point midway between full step


position.
Half step Mode
 In this type of mode of operation on phase is ON for some
duration and two phases are ON during some other
duration.

 The step angle can be reduced from 30° to 15° by exciting


phase sequence a, a+b, b,b+c, c etc.

 The technique of shifting excitation from one phase to


another from a to b with an intermediate step of a+b is
known as half step and is used to realize smaller steps
continuous half stepping produces smoother shaft rotation.
MICRO STEPPING CONTROL OF
STEPPING MOTOR
Stepping motor is a digital actuator which moves in steps of θs in response to input pulses.
such incremental motion results in the following limitations of the stepper motor
Limited resolution
As θs is the smallest angle through which the stepper motor can move, this has an effect on
position accuracy of incremental servo system employing stepper motors because the
stepper motor cannot position the load to an accuracy finer than θs.
Mid frequency Resonance
A phenomenon in which the motor torque suddenly drops to a low value at certain pulse
frequencies
 A new principal known as micro stepping control has been developed with a view
overcoming the above limitation .
 It enables the stepping motor to move through a tiny micro step of size ∆ θs << θs
full step angle is response to input pulses.

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