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    PSM3 1

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    Lecture Notes

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    PSM3_1

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    Lecture Notes

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    6 views14 pages

    PSM3 1

    Uploaded by

    mbbombita
    Lecture Notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    PSM 3 Introduction Political Theory

    MEDARDO B. BOMBITA, LPT, DPA, PgD (M. ASEAN), PDDQM


    Professorial Lecturer
    Sovereignty and Divine Right
    JUNIUS BRUTUS

     Written the Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos which aims to


    justify the concept of divine right is approached with a
    critical perspective, challenging the traditional
    absolutist understanding of divine right theory.

     Other authors of "Vindiciae " did not completely reject


    the idea of divine right, but they reinterpreted it in a
    way that emphasized limitations on the authority of
    rulers.
     Limited Authority: The divine right of kings,
    according to the authors, did not imply unlimited
    or absolute authority. Instead, they argued that
    rulers received their authority from God, but this
    authority was limited by certain conditions and
    obligations, including adherence to natural law
    and protection of the rights of the people.
     Ruler's Accountability: The treatise
    emphasized that rulers were accountable to
    God for their actions. If a ruler violated
    natural law or engaged in tyranny, they could
    forfeit their divine right to rule.
     Contractual Relationship: "Vindiciae
    Contra Tyrannos" suggested that there was
    a kind of social contract between the ruler
    and the people. Rulers were seen as having
    a duty to protect the well-being and rights of
    the people, and the people, in turn, owed
    obedience to rulers who fulfilled this duty. If
    rulers violated this contract, resistance could
    be justified.
    SUMMARY

     The divine right of kings was not a blank


    check for absolute power.
     Instead, it came with responsibilities and
    limitations, and rulers who failed to fulfill their
    obligations could be justly resisted by the
    people.
     This contributed to the development of later
    political theories that advocated for limited
    government, constitutionalism, and the idea
    that political authority should be exercised in
    accordance with moral and legal principles.
    The Social Contract Theory
    PRELUDE

     The concept of social contract theory is that in the


    beginning man lived in the state of nature.

     They had no government and there was no law to


    regulate them.

     There were hardships and oppression on the sections


    of the society.
    PRELUDE

     To overcome from these hardships they entered into


    two agreements which are:

     Pactum Unionis. By the first pact of unionis,


    people sought protection of their lives and property.
    As,a result of it a society was formed where people
    undertook to respect each other and live in peace
    and harmony.
     Pactum Subjectionis.
     People united together and pledged to obey an authority and
    surrendered the whole or part of their freedom and rights to
    an authority.
     The authority guaranteed everyone protection of life, property
    and to a certain extent liberty.
     Must agree to establish society by collectively and reciprocally
    renouncing the rights they had against one another in the
    State of Nature and they must imbue some one person or
    assembly of persons with the authority and power to enforce
    the initial contract.
     Ensure their escape from the State of Nature, they must both
    agree to live together under common laws, and create an
    enforcement mechanism for the social contract and the laws
    that constitute it.

    Thus, the authority or the government or the sovereign or the


    state came into being because of the two agreements.

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