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Chapter 4 - Equation Fitting

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30 views24 pages

Chapter 4 - Equation Fitting

Uploaded by

manzory9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design of Thermal

Systems
Instructor
Prof. Dr. Lütfullah Kuddusi

1
DESIGN OF THERMAL SYSTEMS, Third Edition, W. F. Stoecker

Chapter 4

Equation Fitting
4.1 MATHEMATICAL MODELING
• This chapter and the next, present procedures for developing
equations that represent the performance characteristics of
equipment, the behavior of processes, and thermodynamic
properties of substances.
• Engineers may have variety of reasons for wanting to develop
equations,
but
the crucial ones in the design of thermal systems are
(1) to facilitate the process of system simulation and
(2) to develop a mathematical statement for optimization.
• Most large, realistic simulation and optimization problems must be executed
on the computer, and it is usually more expedient to operate with
equations than with tabular data.

3
Equation development will be divided into two different categories;
- This chapter treats equation fitting and
- Chapter 5 concentrates on modeling thermal equipment.
Equation Fitting is composed of two steps;
1- Mathematical form of equation should be determined.
This is in fact an art.
2- Once mathematical form of equation is determined,
constants and coefficients
of equation should be determined.

4.2 MATRICES
• Use of matrices provides several conveniences and insights.
• In particular, the application of matrix terminology is applicable
to the solution of sets of simultaneous equations.
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A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, for example,

Order of a matrix: Row number X Column Number

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Multiplication of two matrices

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| |
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 =¿+𝑎11
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
| | | | | |
𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎32 𝑎33
−𝑎21
𝑎12 𝑎13
𝑎32 𝑎33
+𝑎31
𝑎12 𝑎13
𝑎22 𝑎23

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Example:

If , means that equations are not independent.


Equations can not be solved ın this situation.

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Equation Fitting

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For a polynomial of degree n, n+1 data is needed to determine the
coefficients in the polynomial.
If more than n+1 data is available, a polynomial of degree n will be
searched for which best fits to the available data.

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4.10 BEST FIT: METHOD OF LEAST SQUARES

If m coefficients are to be determined in an equation, m data points are


required.

If more than m points are available, it is possible to determine the m


coefficients that result in the best fit of the equation to the data.

One definition of a best fit is the one where,


the sum of the absolute values of the deviations from the data points is a
minimum.

In another type of best fit slightly different from the one just mentioned
the sum of the squares of the deviation is a minimum.
The procedure in establishing the coefficients in such an equation is
called the method of least squares.
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The procedure for using the least-squares method for first- and second
degree polynomials will be explained here.

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¿ 20
21
¿ 22
The error is not using of least squares
but
The error is in applying a curve of too low degree.

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DESIGN OF THERMAL SYSTEMS, Third Edition, W. F. Stoecker

END
Chapter 4

Equation Fitting

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