What is JDBC?

• JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity, which is a

standard Java API for database-independent connectivity
between the Java programming language and a wide range of
databases.
• JDBC is an interface which allows Java code to execute SQL
statements inside relational databases.
• The JDBC library includes APIs for each of the tasks commonly
associated with database usage:
– Making a connection to a database
– Creating SQL or MySQL statements
– Executing that SQL or MySQL queries in the database
– Viewing & Modifying the resulting records
 Continued…
• All JDBC programs do the following:
• Step 1) import and load the JDBC driver
• Step 2) Specify the name and location of the
database being used
• Step 3) Connect to the database with a Connection
object
• Step 4) Execute a SQL query using a Statement
object
• Step 5) Get the results in a ResultSet object
• Step 6) Finish by closing the ResultSet, Statement
and Connection objects
 Creating JDBC Application

• There are six steps involved in building a JDBC

application.
• Import the packages:
• This requires that you include the packages
containing the JDBC classes needed for database
programming.
• Most often, using import java.sql.* will suffice as
follows:
• //STEP 1. Import required packages
• import java.sql.*;
 Register the JDBC driver
• This requires that you initialize a driver so you
can open a communications channel with the
database. Following is the code snippet to
achieve this:
• //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
• Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
 Open a connection:

• This requires using the

DriverManager.getConnection() method to
create a Connection object, which represents
a physical connection with the database as
follows:
 Continued…
• //STEP 3: Open a connection
• // Database credentials
• static final String USER = "username";
• static final String PASS = "password";
• System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
• conn =
DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);
 Execute a query
• This requires using an object of type
Statement or PreparedStatement for building
and submitting an SQL statement to the
database as follows:
• //STEP 4: Execute a query
• System.out.println("Creating statement...");
• stmt = conn.createStatement();
• String sql;
 Continued…
• sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Employees";
• ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
• If there is an SQL UPDATE,INSERT or DELETE
statement required, then following code snippet
would be required:
• //STEP 4: Execute a query
• System.out.println("Creating statement...");
• stmt = conn.createStatement();
• String sql;
• sql = "DELETE FROM Employees";
• ResultSet rs = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 Extract data from result set
• This step is required in case you are fetching data from
the database.
• You can use the appropriate ResultSet.getXXX() method
to retrieve the data from the result set as follows:
• //STEP 5: Extract data from result set
• while(rs.next()){
• //Retrieve by column name
• int id = rs.getInt("id");
• int age = rs.getInt("age");
• String first = rs.getString("first");
• String last = rs.getString("last");
 Continued…
• //Display values
• System.out.print("ID: " + id);
• System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
• System.out.print(", First: " + first);
• System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
• }
 Clean up the environment
• You should explicitly close all database
resources versus relying on the JVM's garbage
collection as follows: //STEP 6: Clean-up
environment
• rs.close();
• stmt.close();
• conn.close();
 Sample JDBC Program
• Based on the above steps, we can have
following consolidated sample code which we
can use as a template while writing our JDBC
code:
• This sample code has been written based on
the environment and database setup done in
Environment chapter.
 Continued…
• //STEP 1. Import required packages
• import java.sql.*;
• public class FirstExample {
• // JDBC driver name and database URL
• static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
• static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user";
• // Database credentials
• static final String USER = "username";
• static final String PASS = "password";
• public static void main(String[] args) {
• Connection conn = null;
• Statement stmt = null;
 Continued…
• try{
• //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
• Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
• //STEP 3: Open a connection
• System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
• conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);
• //STEP 4: Execute a query
• System.out.println("Creating statement...");
• stmt = conn.createStatement();
• String sql;
• sql = "SELECT sid, sname, smarks FROM student";
• ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
 Continued…
• //STEP 5: Extract data from result set
• while(rs.next()){
• //Retrieve by column name
• int id = rs.getInt("sid");
• String name= rs.getString("sname");
• int mark = rs.getInt("smarks");
• //Display values
• System.out.println(" ID: " + id);
• System.out.println(“ Name: " + name);
• System.out.println(“ Mark: " + mark);
• System.out.println();

• }
 Continued…
• //STEP 6: Clean-up environment
• rs.close();
• stmt.close();
• conn.close();
• }catch(SQLException se){
• //Handle errors for JDBC
• se.printStackTrace();
• }catch(Exception e){
• //Handle errors for Class.forName
• e.printStackTrace();
• }finally{
• //finally block used to close resources
 Continued…
• try{
• if(stmt!=null)
• stmt.close();
• }catch(SQLException se2){
• }// nothing we can do
• try{
• if(conn!=null)
• conn.close();
• }catch(SQLException se){
• se.printStackTrace();
• }//end finally try
• }//end try
 Continued…
• System.out.println("Goodbye!");
• }//end main
• }//end FirstExample
• Now let us compile above example as follows:
• C:\>javac FirstExample.java
• C:\>
 Continued…
• When you run FirstExample, it produces following result:
• C:\>java FirstExample
• Connecting to database...
• Creating statement...
• ID: 1
• Name: Abebe
• Mark:80

• ID: 2
• Name: kebede
• Mark: 90
• C:\>
 Example2
• import java.sql.*;
• public class SqlTest
• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• try
• {
• // Step 1: Make a connection
• // Load the driver
• Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
• // Get a connection using this driver
• String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/user";
• String dbUser = "root";
• String dbPassword = "9818";
 Continued..
• Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, dbUser, dbPassword);
• Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
• String sql= "SELECT * FROM student";
• ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
• int id;
• String name;
• int marks;
• while (rs.next())
• {
• id = rs.getInt("sid");
• name = rs.getString("sname");
• marks = rs.getInt("smarks");
 Continued…
• System.out.println("Id= "+id+"name = " + name + " marks = " + marks);
• }
• stmt.close();
• con.close();
• }
• catch(ClassNotFoundException ex1)
• {
• System.out.println(ex1);
• }
• catch(SQLException ex2)
• {
• System.out.println(ex2);
• }
• }
• }
 Continued…
• Now let us compile above example as follows:
• C:\>javac SqlTest.java
• C:\>java SqlTest
• ID = 1 name =Abebe marks= 80
• ID = 2 name = Kebede marks=90
• C:\>