COMPUTER MEMORY

PRESENTATION

~UTKARSH VERMA
 MEMORY

 As the word implies “memory” means the

place where we have to store any thing, this
is very essential part of human being just
like this memory is also very important
for computer system because in computer
system we have to store some data or
information and for storing these items we
need some memory or space.

 So that’s why we can say that memory is

very important part of computer system.
 There are various units which are
used to measure computer memory

⚫ Bit - Smallest unit of computer

⚫ Byte memory
⚫ Kilobyt - 8 bit = 1 byte
e
⚫ Megabyte- 1024
- 1024byte = 1 kb
kb =
⚫1 mb
Gigaby - 1024 mb =
te 1 gb
⚫ Terabyt - 1024 gb =
e 1 tb
1. Primary Memory :-
Primary memory also known as
“main memory” or “Internal memory”
board
which isoflocated
system or as
in the we say which is
mother
directly connected to the CPU. It is the
place where only little bit of data are stored
either by manufacturer or by user.
This is further divided into two parts :-
⚫ RAM
⚫ ROM
RAM also known as “Random A ccess
M emory” it stores the data which the user
currently uses or as we say it stores the data
temporary in it. RAM needs power or
electricity to work when the computer power
is turned off then all the data in it will be
erased automatically.
This is a circuit which have its separate space
or slot in motherboard. This allows the
computer to run the software faster.
RAM is further classified into two parts
 SRAM
 DRAM
SRAM :-
Known as Static RAM. The word “static”
refers that the memory retains its contents
as long as the power is supplied so that’s
why we can say this is volatile in nature.
SRAM does not need to be refreshed
periodically . SRAM is faster but more
expensive than DRAM.
 DRAM :-
Known as Dynamic RAM. It also
contains data only when electricity
is available. DRAM needs to
refreshed periodically due to this,
this RAM works slower than SRAM.
Mainly general PC uses this RAM
because it is much cheaper than
SRAM and requires less space.
 Known as “Read Only Memory” as the
word refers mainly it can only read the data
which in stored in it. This memory is mainly
used by our computer when we just turn on
our computer. It contains BIOS of system.
This is non-volatile in nature.
Mainly there are three types of ROM :-
⚫ PROM
⚫ EPROM
⚫ EEPROM
 Known as “Programmable Read Only
Memory”. In this when the data is
stored then we have no right to change
or alter any data to it. In this the data is
written by Manufacturer company, even
you can also purchase blank PROM chip
but it can be programmed by special tool
such as PROM programmers. In
general PC’s mainly PROM is used
because we don’t have to alter any data
to it
Known as “Erasable PROM” as the
word refers “erasable” means we can
change or erase the data. So in
EPROM we have right to change the
data. In this we can change the data
with the help of ultra violet rays.
EPROM is much expensive than
PROM.
 Known as “Electrically Erasable
PROM” the type of ROM which can
be erased by electrical charges.
EEPROM can be erased one byte at
anytime rather than erasing the
entire chip by ultra violet rays.
The place where we store our personal data in
computer system is known as SM. In this we
store data so that when the data is needed we
can easily retrieve it. This is the fundamental
component of comp. system. It is non volatile in
nature so that we can not loose the data when
power supply is off.
There are two methods for accessing the data from
it :-
1.Sequential – This is the method in which we
search the data sequentially or line by line until
you find the desired data. E.g.. Magnetic tape,
etc.
2.Direct – This is the method in which
computer can go directly to the information that
 Now I am going to discuss some of the
secondary storage devices :-
1. Magnetic Tape :- Magnetic tape appears
similar to the tape used in music cassettes.
It is a plastic tape with magnetic coating.
Mainly it is used to store music, movie,
etc. it is not used to store data in it
because as we know it comes under
sequential access and it reads data line by
line so that we can’t find the exact location
of data.
2. Magnetic Disk :- This is widely used
popular storage medium for direct
access secondary storage. This is the
place where data are automatically save
when we click on save button. It is non-
volatile so that once data is stored in it
will not lost when power goes off. This is
the storage device where we mainly
store or install OS for system.
Some of the magnetic disk are as
follows :- Hard Disk
Floppy Disk, etc.
 Hard Disk
Hard Disk also known as “Hard Drive” or
“Fixed Drive”. This is the place where
we store our data or information so
that we can retrieve for further use. This
is the place where we install our OS so
that we can run our computer. Hard disk
comes fix in our system and if you
require more hard disk then it comes in
removable also. The average computer
today comes with a 250 to 500 gb hard
drive.
 Floppy Disk
This is removable, round, flat piece of
Mylar plastic, coated with a ferric oxide. this
kind of disk is read and written by Floppy
Disk Drive (FDD), which is a device which
performs basic operations on disk
including reading and writing of data to it.
This was used to transfer data from one
computer to another. Earlier 5
¼” floppy disks were used but these disks
have less storage capacity so new format of
3 1/2” floppy disk came in market. Now a
days floppy disk are not used because off less
storage and high rate.
 Optical Disk
This is the secondary storage medium in
which you can store much more data in it.
This is flat, circular, plastic disk coated
with material. Optical disk is very popular
because of its small size and huge storage
capacity. You must have optical disk reader
in your computer so that you can read or
write data on it.
There are two types of optical disk :-
1. CD
2. DVD
 CD.
Known as “Compact Disk”, mainly used to
store data, music, movie, software, etc. it
can store 80 minutes of continues video
recording. The space of CD is up to 700
mb. Due to its high storage capacity it is
widely used. The data are store in it is in
the form of “Pitts”. To avail the services of
CD your computer should have CD drive.
There are two types of CD :-
1. CD ROM.
2. CD R/W.
 DVD
Known as “Digital Versatile Disk”. It is
high capacity storage medium. Mainly used
to store movie, music, software, etc. the
storage capacity of DVD is up to 4.7 gb. It
looks similar to CD but due to its high
storage capacity it is not cheaper as CD. To
avail the facility of DVD you must have DVD
drive in your computer. DVD drive also gives
you facility to run CD disks too.
Types of DVD :-
1. DVD ROM.
2. DVD R/W.