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Secondary Storage Devices

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30 views26 pages

Secondary Storage Devices

Uploaded by

muhammadanasawan010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 The main memory of the

computer is volatile . It cant


be used as permanent
storage because when
computer is switched off, its
contents are erased.
 The storage capacity of main memory is
also limited and not sufficient to store
large volume of data. As a result
additional memory, called the auxiliary
memory or secondary memory.
 Storage devices are divided into three
major categories

1: Magnetic Tape
2: Magnetic Disk
3: Optical Disk
Secondary
Storage

Magnetic Magnetic Optical Disk


Tape Disk

Floppy Zip
Disk Disk CD DVD
Hard ROM ROM
Disk
 Magnetic Tape is the most popular
oldest storage device for large amount
of data that are sequentially accessed
and processed.
 The tape is a plastic ribbon usually ½

inch wide that is coated on one side


with an iron-oxide material which can
be magnetized.
 Information is recorded on the tape in
the form of tiny invisible magnetized
and non-magnetized spots
(representing 1’s and 0’s) on the side of
tape.
 The tape is divided into vertical columns
called Frames horizontal rows are called
channels or tracks.
 Magnetic tapes are available in the form
of reels of length 200 feet, 400 feet,
600 ft, 1200 ft, and 2400 ft.
 Unlimited storage: The storage
capacity of magnetic tape is virtually
unlimited because we can use as many
tapes as required for recording our
data.
 Ease of handling: The reel is compact
and weighs less than 3 pounds, so its
easier to handle. Large computer
centers make use of extensive tape
libraries, which contains thousands and
thousands of reels of stored information
and may occupy an entire room in an
organization.
 Portability: A reel of tape is also a
convenient way of carrying information
from one place to another place.
 A magnetic disk is a thin, circular metal
plate coated on both sides with a
magnetic material.
 Formatting is required before storing

data in magnetic disk. Formatting is


done with the help of operating system.
 During formatting magnetic concentric

circles are created called “Tracks” on


each side of the disk.
Tracks

Sectors
 Each track is further divided into pie
shape areas called “Sectors”.
 One sector can store 512 Bytes of data.

Examples:
 Floppy Disk
 Hard Disk
 Zip Disk
 A floppy disk is made up of circular,
flexible, plastic plate coated with
magnetic material.
 The storage capacity of floppy disk is

1.44 MB.

Mini Floppy 5.25 inch diameter

Micro Floppy 3.5 inch diameter


 Hard disk is most commonly used
storage device in personal computer
and laptop computers.
 It contains one or more than one metal

plates mounted on a central spindle like


a stack.
 Hard disk is sealed in a hard jacket to

save it from dust and mishandling.


 Read/Write head is used to read data

from hard disk


 Data accessing speed of hard disk is
greater than floppy disk.
 The set of tracks of different platters that

are at a particular head position is


referred to as cylinder.
 Storage capacity is: 20 GB, 40 GB, 80GB

and so on
 Zip disk is a portable disk
 It has more storage capacity than floppy
disk.
 Storage Capacity: 100MB
 Zip drive is used to read data from zip disk
 Optical disk uses laser technology to read
and write data.

 LASER stands for Light Amplification through


Stimulated Emission of Radiation

 Optical drive reads data by focusing laser


beam on the surface of the disk. A laser
detects the presence of a pit. The presence
of pit indicates 1 and absence of pit
indicates 0.

 Permanent storage
There are two types of optical disk
 CD (Compact Disk)

 DVD (Digital Video/verstile Disk)


 Storage capacity: 650
MB
 The contents of CD can

be read by CD drive
 Types :

CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read


Only Memory)
 CD-R (Recordable)
 CD-RW (Rewritable)
 DVD is similar to CD-ROM but it uses
a laser beam with shorter wave
length. The shorter wave length reads
smaller holes on the disk.
 Storage Capacity: up to 17GB
 Types:
DVD-R
DVD-RW
 Solid State devices or flash
memory devices are unique
among all storage devices.
 These devices do not use disks
or tapes and have no moving
parts.
 These devoices are neither
magnetic nor optical.
 It relies on integrated circuit to
store data
 Examples:
 USB Flash Drive: more
storage than Zip and floppy
disk and can be plugged into
any USB port

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