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Mirror

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22 views32 pages

Mirror

Uploaded by

peavyestablecida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LIGHT : REFLECTION

AND REFRACTION
Wave–particle duality:
light can be described as a
particle or as a wave
Light :
i) Light is a form of
energy which helps
us to see objects.
ii) When light falls
on objects, it reflects
the light and when
the reflected light
reaches our eyes
then we see the
objects.
Light :
iii) Light travels in straight line.
iv) The common phenomena of light
are formation of shadows, formation
of images by mirrors and lenses,
bending of light by a medium,
twinkling of stars, formation of
rainbow etc.
Reflection
 When light bounces off an
object and changes
direction
 incident ray - the ray that
strikes the surface
 reflected ray - the ray
that strikes that rebounds
from a surface
 normal - a line
perpendicular to the
surface of the point of
incidence
Reflection
 angle of incidence
(θi) - angle between
the incident ray and
the normal
 angle of reflection
(θr)- the angle
between the
reflected ray and the
 normal
Reflection of light
When light falls on a highly
polished surface like a mirror most of
the light is sent back into the same
medium. This process is called
reflection of light.
Laws of reflection of light
i) The incident ray, the reflected
ray and the normal ray to the mirror
at the point of incidence all lie in the
same plane.
ii)The angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection.
REFLECTION
MIRROR
 an optical device that reflects the
light incident on it
 It is used to see the image of objects
 TYPES:
 PLANE MIRROR
 SPHERICAL MIRROR
 CONCAVE MIRROR
 CONVEX MIRROR
TYPES OF IMAGES

 VIRTUAL IMAGE
 UPRIGHT
 NOT PROJECTED ON
A SCREEN
 IT IS FORMED WHEN
LIGHT RAYS APPEAR
TO MEET AFTER
REFLECTION
TYPES OF IMAGES

 REAL IMAGE
 INVERTED
 PROJECTED ON A
SCREEN
 IT IS FORMED WHEN
LIGHT RAYS MEET
AFTER REFLECTION
Types Mirror

plane
mirror

convex concave mirror


PLANE MIRROR Image
1. Image is
virtual
2. Same size as
the object
3. Same
orientation as
the object
4. Same distance
from the mirror
as the object.
RAY DIAGRAM OF A
CONCAVE MIRROR
PARTS OF A RAY DIAGRAM
 Principal axis (PA): the
straight line passing
through the center of
curvature and the pole
 Focal point (F): the
point between the pole
and the center of
curvature
 Center of curvature (C):
the point after the focal
point
PARTS OF A RAY DIAGRAM

 Pole (V): the


center of the
spherical mirror
 The arrow
represents the
object that will P

be reflected in
the mirror
To draw these diagrams, we will have to recall
the two rules of reflection for concave mirrors:

 Any incident ray passing through the


focal point (F) on the way to the mirror
will travel parallel to the principal axis
upon reflection.
To draw these diagrams, we will have to recall
the two rules of reflection for concave mirrors:

 Any incident ray traveling parallel to


the principal axis on the way to the
mirror will pass through the focal point
(F) upon reflection.
How to find the characteristic of an image
on a concave mirror using a ray diagram
 Step 1
 Pick a point on the top of the
object and draw two incident
rays traveling toward the mirror.
 Using a straight edge,
accurately draw one ray so that
it passes exactly through the
focal point on the way to the
mirror.
 Draw the second ray such that it
travels exactly parallel to the
principal axis.
How to find the characteristic of an image
on a concave mirror using a ray diagram

 Step 2
 Once these incident rays
strike the mirror, reflect
them according to the
two rules of reflection for
concave mirrors.
How to find the characteristic of an image
on a concave mirror using a ray diagram

 Step 3
 Mark the image of the
top of the object.
 The image pointer of the
object is the point where
the two reflected rays
intersect.
How to find the characteristic of an image
on a concave mirror using a ray diagram
 L – RELATIVE LOCATION
-beyond C, between C and F, in
front of F, on C, on F, behind the
mirror
 O – ORIENTATION
- UPRIGHT OR INVERTED
 S – RELATIVE SIZE
- MAGNIFIED , REDUCED ,
SAME SIZE
 T – TYPE OF IMAGE
- REAL , VIRTUAL
How to find the characteristic of an image
on a concave mirror using a ray diagram

 L – between C and F
 O – INVERTED
 S – REDUCED
 T – REAL
How to find the characteristic of an image
on a concave mirror using a ray diagram

 L – behind the mirror


 O – UPRIGHT
 S – MAGNIFIED
 T – VIRTUAL
RAY DIAGRAM OF A
CONVEX MIRROR
Two rules of reflection for convex mirrors:

 Any incident ray traveling parallel to the


principal axis on the way to a convex
mirror will reflect in such a manner that
its extension will pass through the focal
point.
Two rules of reflection for convex mirrors:

 Any incident ray traveling towards a


convex mirror such that its extension
passes through the focal point will
reflect and travel parallel to the
principal axis.
How to find the characteristic of an image on a
convex mirror using a ray diagram

1. Pick a point on the top of the object


and draw two incident rays traveling
toward the mirror.
How to find the characteristic of an image on a
convex mirror using a ray diagram

2. Once these incident rays strike the


mirror, reflect them according to the two
rules of reflection for convex mirrors.
How to find the characteristic of an image on a
convex mirror using a ray diagram

3. Locate and mark the intersection, this


is where the image will be formed. Draw
the pointer of the image starting from the
intersection.
How to find the characteristic of an image on a
convex mirror using a ray diagram
 L – behind the mirror
 O – UPRIGHT
 S – REDUCED
 T – VIRTUAL

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