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Hai Ipc

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24 views21 pages

Hai Ipc

Uploaded by

mulunash5052
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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USAID QUALITY HEALTHCARE ACTIVITY (QHA)

Healthcare-associated infections
(HAIs) and
Infection prevention and control
(IPC)
Expectation
- Of the training?
- Post training mission?
Introduction ….

Activity 3.1 Individual reflection


How does infection prevention and control
relates with Antimicrobial Resistance?
Ethiopian epidemiology

• Infectious diseases remain a major public health threat globally with the highest
burden in LMICs

• In Ethiopia, Neonatal mortality is number one= around 5 in 100 child dies in Ethiopia
• The major causes of death are infection and diarrhea
• The major risk factors are poor infection prevention and control as well as
malnutrition

• Refer: https://www.healthdata.org/ethiopia
Epidemiology, pediatric death
(https://www.healthdata.org/ethiopia)

Top 10 causes of total number of deaths in 2019 and percent change 2009–2019, all ages combined.
5 See
related publication: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Origin of infection
• Community - CAI
• Healthcare – HAI

• Why is relevant to classify community vs healthcare onset?


• Which infections are classified as HAIs?
Health care associated infections:
Overview

Activity 1: 10minutes
A 79-year-old diabetic patient was re-admitted to your health
facility with severe pneumonia 7-days after discharge. At
discharge, his blood glucose was within the recommended target
and there was no sign of active infection.
Questions for individual reflection
1. Could this be a health care associated infection?
2. What are the risk factors for his current presentation?
7
Health care associated infections:
Overview

Infections occurring in a patient during the process of


care in a healthcare facility.
oE.g., infections acquired in the hospital, or
appearing shortly after discharge

8
Health care associated infections…..

Risk factors and nature of etiologies


9
The burden of HAIs

• The burden of HCAIs is increasing.

• Prevalence in high-income countries is 7.6%


while 15.5% in LMICs

• Most commonly reported HAIs: SSIs, UTIs, BSI and


HAP/VAP
Alemu et al. .2020 10
The burden of HAIs: SSIs

CDC 2021 11
Healthcare-associated UTIs

Countries Catheter-related BSI per Urinary catheter-related Ventilator-associated


1000 central line days UTI per 1000 urinary pneumonia (VAP) per 1000
catheter days ventilator days

High income countries 3.5 4.1 7.9

Low and middle 12.2 8.8 23.9


income countries
Infection and AMR/HAI
management strategies
• Awareness & knowledge
• Research and Surveillance
• Infection prevention and control
• Optimal antimicrobial use – Antimicrobial stewardship
• Collaborative
የጀርም ማስተላለፊያ ሰንሰለት vs መከላከል እና
ቁጥጥር
ጀርሞች/ተላላፊዎች
•Standard precautions
• For all patients = everyone is susceptible or at risk
ተጋላጭ ሰው
• Hand hygiene, PPE, safe injection practice, cleaning &
disinfection, & waste management
•Transmission-based precautions
ማጠራቀሚያ • standard precautions not sufficient (if infected or colonized
/ ቤት/ with certain infections)
 Three categories of transmission-based precautions

• Contact precautions
• Droplet precautions
የመግቢያ • Airborne precautions
የመውጫ መንገዶች
በር

የማስተላለፊያ ዘዴዎች
Core components of IPC
• WHO recommends eight equally important core components crucial for the
establishment and effective functioning of IPC programmes and practices

1. IPC programmes: necessary premise for any IPC action at healthcare facility. Link
IPC to pertinent national programmes such as TB control, HIV/AIDS, MNCH etc. for
improved outcomes and sustainability.

2. Evidence-based IPC guidelines: adapted to local context

3. Education and training: use the right educational method to achieve behavior change.
Core components of IPC

4. HAI surveillance: identify specific infections as a priority for surveillance

5. Multimodal strategies

6. Monitoring and audit of IPC practices and feedback: a QI process to achieve


behavioral change and increase adherence to recommendations

7. Workload, staffing and bed occupancy at health facility level

8. Built environment, materials and equipment for IPC at the health facility
level: availability of basic equipment at point-of-care
IPC measures relevant to AMR
prevention

18
Five moments of Handwashing

19
Summary

• Healthcare facilities should establish a regular HAI


surveillance system.
• Ensuring adherence to IPC measures is highly
relevant and should be the responsibility of every
professional
Thank You!

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