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Module-7 - Lesson Slides

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27 views26 pages

Module-7 - Lesson Slides

Uploaded by

angelchang0126
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operation

Management
BUS 5101

1
Lesson-8: Designing Goods & Services
Lesson Outline:

• Product design and process


• Product Analysis, Concept, Synthesis
• Demand-pull/ invention-push innovation
• Product design expression and trends

• Teamwork – Breakout Room (15 minutes)

• Product Life Cycles


• Quality Function Deployment
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Sustainability and Systems View
• Triple Bottom Line and Logistics

• Assignment-3 open
Product design
• Product design is a word used to explain on how to create
a new product to be sold by a business to its customers.

• It is about a development of ideas through a process that


leads to new products.

• Thus, it is a major aspect of new product development.


Product design process
• Product design process: is the set of activities, from idea
generation to commercialization, to create a product design.

• Product designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, turning


them into tangible inventions and products.

• The product designer's role is to combine art, science, and


technology to create new products that people can use.
Product Analysis, Concept, Synthesis
• The product design process, typically
involves three main things:

1. Analysis
2. Concept
3. Synthesis
Product Analysis

• Accept Situation: Designers decide on committing to the


product and finding a solution to the problem. They put their
resources into figuring out how to solve the problem.

• Analyze: Everyone in the team begins research. They gather


general and specific materials which will help to figure out how
their problem might be solved. This can range from statistics,
questionnaires, and articles, among many other sources
Product Concept
• Concept Definition:

• This is where the key issue becomes clear and defined.

• The conditions of the problem become objectives, and


restraints on the situation become the parameters within
which the new design must be constructed.
Product Synthesis
• Product Synthesis:

• Ideate: Designers brainstorm different ideas, solutions for their


design problem. The ideal brainstorming is to build on original ideas.
• Select: Designers narrow down their ideas to a select few, which
can be guaranteed successes and plan to make the product.
• Implement: Prototypes are built, the plan outlined in the previous
step is realized and the product starts to become an actual object.
• Evaluate: Product is tested, and from there, improvements are
made. Although this is the last stage, it does not mean that the
process is over. The finished prototype may not work as well as hoped
Demand-pull/ invention-push innovation

• Most product designs fall under one of two categories: demand-pull


innovation or invention-push innovation.

• Demand-pull happens when there is an opportunity in the market to


be explored by the design of a product. This attempts to solve a
design problem. May be the development of a new product or
developing a product that's already on the market, such as developing
an existing invention for another purpose.

• Invention-push innovation happens when there is an advancement


in intelligence. This can occur through research, or it can occur when
the product designer comes up with a new product design idea.
Product design expression

• Design appearance comes from the combined effect of all


elements in a product. Colour tone, shape and size should
direct a person's thoughts towards buying the product.

• Therefore, it is in the product designer's best interest to


consider the audiences who are most likely to be the product's
end consumers. Keeping in mind how consumers will perceive
the product during the design process will direct towards the
product’s success in the market.
• However, even within a specific audience, it is challenging to
cater to each possible personality within that group.
Product Decision
• Product Decision in marketing refers to the company's mindful
decisions, major or minor regarding their product.

• It ranks first among the 4P's of Marketing (selling)-


• Product: What product?
• Price: What price?
• Place: Which place it will be used?
• Promotion: How will it be promoted and advertised?

• Organizations take these decisions to attain their objectives.


Product Life Cycles
Introductory Phase:

• There is need to pay attention to initial stages and expenses:

1. Research
2. Product development
3. Process modification and enhancement
4. Supplier development
Product Life Cycles
Growth Phase:

1. Product design begins to stabilize.


2. Effective forecasting of capacity becomes necessary.
3. Adding or enhancing capacity may be necessary.
Product Life Cycles
Maturity Phase:

1. Competitors now established


2. High volume, innovative production may be needed
3. Improved cost control, reduction in options
Product Life Cycles
Decline Phase:

• Unless product makes a special contribution to the


organization, must plan to terminate offering.

• Nokia is an example
• Snap and give photos – Kodak
Teamwork – Breakout Room (15 minutes)

• New Product Opportunities:

1. Why do many new products and designs fail after entering the
marketing promisingly to make a difference to peoples lives
and way of living even if there is a good idea behind them?

2. Why is it so quite frustrating for product designers to make it


right after the product fails in the market and even after being
reworked on and re-introduced to the market again?
Quality Function Deployment
• Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a process for determining
customer “wants” and translate them into “hows” functional area that
can understand and act on. There are basic steps for building a
Quality Function Deployment house of quality.

1. Identify customer wants


2. Identify how the product will satisfy customer wants
3. Relate customer wants to product usage
4. Identify relationships between the company’s usage
5. Develop importance ratings
6. Evaluate competing products
7. Compare performance to desirable technical attributes
Defining the Product

• Before anything can be produced, a product’s functions and


attributes must be defined. Two important product documents
are the engineering drawing and the bill of material (BOM) .

1. Describe how products and services are defined


2. First definition is in terms of functions
3. Rigorous specifications are developed during the design phase
4. Manufactured products will have an engineering drawing
5. Bill of material (BOM) lists the components of a product
Product Documents
• Engineering drawing:

• Shows dimensions and materials

• Bill of Material (BOM):

• Lists components, quantities, and where used


• Shows product structure
Documents for Production
1. Assembly drawing
2. Assembly chart
3. Work order
Corporate Social Responsibility
1. How products affect people and the environment

2. Stakeholders have strong opinions about


environmental, social, and ethical issues

3. Doing what’s right can be beneficial to all


everyone involved

21
Sustainability
1. Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their needs.

2. More than “going green”

3. Includes employees, customers, community, and


company reputation

22
Triple Bottom Line
• Consider the systems necessary to
support the three:

1. People
2. Planet
3. Profit
Triple Bottom Line
1. Decisions affect people
2. Outsourcing complicate the task of saving people and planet
3. Supplier selection and performance criteria are important
4. Materials must be safe and environmentally responsible

24
Design and Production for
Sustainability

• The goal is to make decisions that help reduce the


environmental impact of a product throughout its
entire life.

• The 3Rs— reduce, reuse, and recycle

25
Conclusion
We covered:

• Product design and process


• Product Analysis, Concept, Synthesis
• Demand-pull/ invention-push innovation
• Product design expression and trends

• Teamwork – Breakout Room (15 minutes)

• Product Life Cycles


• Quality Function Deployment
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Sustainability and Systems View
• Triple Bottom Line and Logistics

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