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6.
STARS 2 AND THE 6.2.1 The Sun as a star • The Sun • Nuclear Reactions in Stars
6.2.2 Stars • Stars in the night sky • Galaxies The Sun as a star
6.2.1 The Sun • medium-sized star
• consists of mainly hydrogen and helium
• emits mostly infrared, UV and visible regions
electromagnetic radiation
• radiation is emitted by glowing hydrogen
which is heated by the energy from nuclear reactions inside the Sun
• “glowing hydrogen” is when hydrogen is fused
into helium it generates heat and light causing it t glow
• the radiation provides energy for life on Earth
through photosynthesis, weather, climates and etc Nuclear Reactions in stars
powered by nuclear reactions specifically nuclear fusion
Stars have different stages in their life cycle
he Sun is currently in the stable phase and will last a few more billion years
table stars have hot and dense enough cores
hydrogen to fuse into helium (nuclear fusion)
high temperature in the core required to sustain nuclear reactions
maintained by the large amounts of energy released in the on process
ome energy generated in the core is
nsferred to the outer layers
uter layers of stars are cooler and less dense compared
he core but they are still hot enough for nuclear fusion to occur emit electromagnetic radiation A red star
A white star
• Stars vary in age, size, mass, surface temperature, color, and brightness
• The mass of a star determines the surface temperature which in turn
determines the color and brightness of a star
• The surface temperature increases with the mass of the star and vice versa
• Hotter and brighter stars have higher surface temperatures
(6000 to 25000°C) and appear white or blue
• Cooler stars have lower surface temperatures (3000 to 6000°C) and
appear red or yellow STARS 6.2.2 he Night Sky star and is so bright it lights up the darkness of space. the night sky appears. Away from light pollution we can see a vast view of millions
n an object of wonder since the earliest of times. It provided many tools for our ancestors to use for uch as calendars, clocks, and compasses. We have been questioning the origin, its existence, and erse and what the future of the universe will be.
echnologies we have been able to observe and locate stars and galaxies for the past 100 years. erved how stars are born from the clouds of dusts from interstellar space, how they grow and evolve over how they eventually die, sometimes in a violent explosion such as a supernova.
many stars, but how can we reach one of them. Astronomers try to measure how far away these stars are. The st e of our existing length units are great enough to measure the enormous amount of distance between us and the o come up with a new length unit to measure these astronomical distances. rs the amount of distance travelled in the vacuum of space by light in one year. oximately nearly 10 million million km or 9.5 * km or 9.5 * m.
tar, other than our Sun, Alpha Centauri is 4.31 light years away from us which means it took ars to reach us. The Pole star or the North star is 142 light years away from us. en stars and galaxies that are millions of light years away from us. ght sky we see is past history and we’ll never know what’s happening there right now.
Earth 4.31 light years
25,000,000,000 miles Alpha Centauri Gala xies A galaxy is a large collection of stars ; there are billions of stars in a galaxy. Galaxies also consists of clouds of gas called Nebula that are mostly hydrogen and dust. Galaxies may look stationary but they move through most rotating as a spiral disc. The Milky Way Galaxy, the galaxy in which our Solar System belongs to, is also a spiral galaxy.
Our Milky Way Galaxy can be seen through out the night sky in places with low light pollution. Our Solar System is on the outer edge of the galaxy, so what we see at night is the very center of The Milky Way.
Galaxies can vary in sizes and number of stars in it. The diameter of an average galaxy is approximately 30,000 light-years and the average distance between neighboring galaxies is about 3 million light-years.
Most Galaxies travel in groups called clusters. Our galaxy is in a small cluster called the Local Group which contains 36 other galaxies including Andromeda, the nearest galaxy to us. The Andromeda Galaxy is 2.5 million light years away from us yet we can still see them with our naked eye
An infrared The Milky Way can be seen from Earth in placesphotograph of The Milky Way’s central bulge taken by a spac with low light pollution THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME PRESENTED BY : AUNG KHIN SINT
