z

NORMAL PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION and Its
APPLICATION

MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

Math & Physics Department
 Learning Objectives

1. Define what is normal probability distribution

2. Explore areas under the normal curve
3. Find the z-score
4. Draw/Illustrate area on the normal curve

Math & Physics Department

 z

When do we say that

data are normally
distributed?

MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

Math & Physics Department
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
z
or Gaussian distribution
A bell-shaped frequency
distribution curve. Most of the data
values in a normal distribution tend to
cluster around the mean.
A bell curve has a small
percentage of the points on both tails
and the bigger percentage on the inner
part of the curve.
In graph form, normal
distribution will appear as a bell curve.

𝜇
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Characteristics of a Normal Curve
z
1. The normal distribution is a
mathematical model represented by
a bell-shaped curve which is
symmetric with respect to the mean.
2. The normal curve does not intersect
or touch the horizontal axis
(asymptotic).
3. The mean, median and mode of the 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=100%
normal distribution are equal.
(Skewness is zero)
4. The area under the normal curved is
1 or 100%. Thus, it represents the
Z scores -3 -2 -1 0
probability, proportion or percentage
1 2 3
associated with specific sets of
measurement values.
5. The standardized normal distribution
has a mean µ = 0 and standard
deviation σ = 1.
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Skewed Distribution
z Skewness = refers to a distortion or asymmetry that deviates from the symmetrical
bell curve, or normal distribution, in a set of data. If the curve is shifted to the left
or to the right, it is said to be skewed.

- is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued

random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive, zero,
negative, or undefined
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z

A normal curve has

3 divisions:
predictable SDs that
follow the
68 .26 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎
68%, 95%, 99.7%
9 5 .44 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 rule.
9 9.7 4 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎

𝜇
*Image credit: University of Virginia
(Stephanie Glen)
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
One way of figuring out how data are distributed is to plot them in a
graph. If the data is evenly distributed, you may come up with a bell curve.
z

Data Set 1:
50 people were given an IQ test, and the results are below:

*Data Credit: Study.com

 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Data Set 2:
50 people were surveyed about their favorite color out of the choices
red, blue, green, or yellow
z

Frequency Distribution (data are not normally distributed)

*Data Credit: Study.com

 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
What is the z-table?
z

The z-table helps by telling us what percentage

is under the curve at any particular point.

- It tells us the area under the standard normal

curve for any value between the mean (zero)
and any z-score.
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z Remember!
> denotes…
“greater than”
“right of”
“above of” / higher than

< denotes…
“less than”
“left of”
“below of” / lower than
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
How to find probability or area under
z
the normal curve?

1. Draw a bell curve.

2. Locate the z-value (probability) on the curve.
3. Check your probability index (z-table) for its
equivalent area.
4. Solve for the area (probability), if required.
5. Express the probability answer either in decimal or
percentage.
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
How to locate the z-value using the table?
z
Example:
Find the area
under the
normal curve if
z = 1.25

Area of z is
0.3944
or 39.44%
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Find the area under the normal curve if z = 2 (in percent).

Answer:
47.72%
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Find the area under the normal curve if z = -1.25

Answer:
0.3944 or 39.44%
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Find the area under the normal curve if z is greater than -0.95

Answer:
0.8289 or 82.89%
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z < -2.29

Answer:
= 0.0110 or 1.10%
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Between z = 2 and z = -2

Answer:
= 0.9544 or 95.44%
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
1<Z<2

Answer:
= 0.1359
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Standardization
z

In most cases in which the normal distribution plays a role, the

mean is not 0 and the standard deviation is not 1. We can
transform any normal distribution by the z-score conversion
formula.

Therefore, a z-score is the standardized value of observation of x from a

distribution that has a mean and standard deviation .
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z z - formula

Sample Population
z= z=

where:
z is the standard z-score
x is the observed value (raw score)

( is the mean/average
s ( is the standard deviation
 Click icon to add picture

Mr.
Mr.Ron
RonP.
P.Agaloos
Agaloos
z

Real-Life
Applications of the
Normal Curve
 Sample # 1

Mr. Ron P. Agaloos

z
Imagine a group of 200 applicants who took a college placement
test. Vince was among the test takers and he got 700 points (X)
out of 1,000. The average score was 600 () and the standard
deviation was 150 (). Now we would like to know how well Vince
performed compared to his peers.

1. Standardized his score (calculate a z-score corresponding to

his actual test score)
2. Use the z-table to determine how well he did on the test
relative to his peers
 Sample # 1

Mr. Ron P. Agaloos

Imagine a group of 200 applicants who took a college placement test. Vince
was zamong the test takers and he got 700 points (X) out of 1,000. The
average score was 600 () and the standard deviation was 150 (). Now we would like
to know how well Vince performed compared to his peers.

Find the z-sore:

z = = = 0.67 (round to the nearest hundredths)

Find the area of z:

A (z=0.67) = 0.2486

How well Vince performed means we are to find how many his peers got a score below
his.
A(z<0.67) = 0.2486 + 0.5 (draw the curve to validate the probability)
= 0.7486

Interpretation:
It means that 74.86% of the exam takers got a score below 700 points.
 Sample # 2

Mr. Ron P. Agaloos

The test scores of students in a class test has a mean of
z
70 and with a standard deviation of 12. What is the probable
percentage of students scored more than 85?

Find the z-sore: x = 85, = 70, s = 12

z = = = 1.25

Find the area of z:

A (z = 1.25) = 0.3944
A (z >1.25) = 0.5 - 0.3944
= 0.1056
= 10.56%

Interpretation:
This means that 39.44% of the students are within the test scores of 85 and hence the
percentage of students who are above the test scores of 85 is 10.56%
 Sample # 3

Mr. Ron P. Agaloos

A set of test scores follows the normal distribution with a
z
sample mean of 80, standard deviation of 12. The number of
exam takers is 600. How many examinees would you expect to
find below a score of 90?
1. Find the value of z
z = 0.83
2. Find the area under the normal curve
Area = 0.7967
3. Find how many examinees got a score below 90 479 got
below 90
 Sample # 4

Mr. Ron P. Agaloos

There are 850 students who took the quarterly exam in
z
Statistics. The average score is µ = 75 and the standard
deviation of σ = 9.

A) Find the percentage of students whose score are:

1. from 75 to 95,
2. from 45 to 75,
3. from 50 to 80.

B) How many students obtained scores:

1. above 65,
2. above 95,
3. below 50.
 Click icon to add picture

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P.Agaloos
Agaloos
z

Post - Activity
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
Distribution of scores illustrated having a
bell-like shaped is called ______

NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Which histogram follows the normal probability
distribution?
z

Figure 2
Figure 1

Figure 2
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
z
What is the total area under the normal
curve?

1 or 100%
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Which of the following statement/s is/are FALSE?
z
A. Normal distribution is asymmetrical with respect to the
mean.
B. Tails of the normal curve are asymptotic to the horizontal
axis.
C. The mean, median and mode of the normal distribution are
equal.

A only
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
If adult male cholesterol is normally distributed
withz µ = 200 and σ = 25, what is the probability of
selecting a male whose cholesterol is:

a) Less than 165,

b) Greater than 165,
c) Between 165 and 220
d) Greater than 220
Summary / Generalization

Mr. Ron P. Agaloos

z
What lesson/s can we get from
normal probability distribution?
In business, there’s so much competition, hence not all are on
top.
In a classroom set-up, not all students will perform as expected, some
will have poor performance.
We cannot be all equal in terms of character, status, possession
and other aspects of our life. We have our own identity!
In God’s perspective, we have our own task/work to fulfill in the
furtherance of His work. Everything is equally distributed!

E
 z

Synchronous Learning
End Session

MAT 3 – STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

Math & Physics Department
 Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
ASYNCHRONOUS
z
LEARNING
A. Try to answer Sample Problem 1
Among the 250 exam takers in Statistics 3rd Quarter Examination,
Jon got a test score of 75 out of 120-item test. The test has a mean
score of 65 and a standard deviation of 10.
a) Assuming a normal data distribution, find the z-score;
b) Find out how many students who got a score higher than Jon’s.

Answers:
z=1
40 students got a score higher than 75
 ASYNCHRONOUS
z
LEARNING
B. Advance Reading
- Sampling Techniques
- Probability Sampling

- Non-probability sampling

- Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

- Sample Mean, Variance and Standard deviation

Prepared by
Mr. Ron P. Agaloos
Math & Physics Department MAT 3 – Statistics & Probability
 Thank you
z

and
have a nice day!
Math & Physics Department