Fish Anatomy

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 20

FISH ANATOMY:

INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL
GROUP 2
 Fish anatomy is the study of the structure and form of fish,
encompassing their physical characteristics, organ systems, and
adaptations to aquatic life.
BONY FISH
- Has a skeleton made from bone -Swim bladder
- Have scales  -Over 20,000 species
- Single pair of gill openings  
EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF BONY FISH

• Eyes- Used for sight, fish can detect colors and see short distance with their eyes.
They use their vision to escape predators and find food.
• Nares- Similar to nostrils, except nares are used for smelling.
• Mouth- The mouth is used to consume food.
• Operculum- The operculum is the bony flap that protects the gills from harm. It opens
and closes to allow water to pass over the gills.
• Pectoral Fin- The pectoral fin allows for abrupt changes in side-to-side direction and
speed.
• Pelvic Fin- The pelvic fin stabilizes the fish while swimming and allows for up-and-
down movement in the water.
• Vent- The vent removes waste and extra water. It is also the outlet for eggs or milt
(sperm) during spawning.
• Anal Fin- The anal fin stabilizes the fish while swimming.
• Caudal Fin- The caudal fin moves, propels or pushes the fish through the water.
• Dorsal Fin- The dorsal fin helps maintain balance while swimming.
• Scales- Scales protect the fish from injury.
INTERNAL ANATOMY OF BONY FISH

• Gills- are the feathery tissue structure that allows fish to breathe in water. Water flows in through their
mouth and over their gills where oxygen is extracted and passed into the bloodstream.
• Swim Bladder- The swim bladder is a long, skinny organ that can inflate/deflate with air allowing fish
to float at different levels in the water column.
• Pyloric Caeca- is present at the junction of the stomach and intestine. It has a finger like projection and
its function is to secrete enzymes that help in digestion. It also helps to absorb the digested food.
• Gonads- are the reproductive organs of the fish. They produce sex cells in the fish. Female fish produce
eggs by means of paired ovaries while male fish produce sperm by means of paired testes.
• Muscles- This organ is also used for locomotion. Muscles compose the bone of the fish.
• Brain- It is in the brain that sensory information is processed. This is the center of control in a fish. In the
brain, automatic functions such as respiration as well as other behaviors are controlled.
• Kidney- aids a fish in discharging waste from the body. Waste materials in the blood are filtered by the
kidney and then removed from the body. The kidneys also help to regulate the concentration of water and salt
in the body of the fish.
• Stomach And Intestine- They help to break down ingested food and to absorb the nutrients.
• Liver- The liver supports digestion by means of secreted enzymes which break down fats. It also helps to
store carbohydrates and fats in the body of the fish.
• Heart- The heart of the fish helps in blood circulation. Through the blood, various cells and organs of the
fish receive digested nutrients and oxygen.Waste products are also transported by the blood to organs such as
the kidney and liver for removal. This function is made possible by the heart.
JAWLESS FISH

 “Agnatha” = means “no jaw” in Ancient Greek


 Have long bodies and look like eels
 Skeletons are made of cartilage, not bone 

 They have no scales 


 There are two categories of jawless fish: hagfish and
lampreys.
EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF JAWLESS FISH

• Eye- The eyes of lampreys are well-developed and serve primarily for vision.
• Buccal tunnel- serves as the mouth structure of lampreys. It is equipped with rows of sharp, keratinized
teeth that allow them to latch onto and feed on other fish. The buccal cavity also contains a tongue-like
structure that aids in rasping flesh from their hosts.
• External gill slits- typically seven pairs, which are openings that lead to the gills inside the body. These
slits facilitate respiration by allowing water to flow over the gills where gas exchange occurs.
• Trunk- refers to the main body section between the head and tail. It houses vital organs and musculature
necessary for locomotion and overall bodily function
• Anterior dorsal fin- is located towards the front part of the trunk and plays a critical role in
stabilization during swimming.
• Posterior Dorsal Fin- the posterior dorsal fin contributes further to stability and control
during swimming.
• Tail- is an elongated structure that serves multiple functions: it acts as a propulsive organ during
swimming and provides additional stability when navigating through water currents.
• External gill slits- typically seven pairs, which are openings that lead to the gills inside the
body. These slits facilitate respiration by allowing water to flow over the gills where gas
exchange occurs.
• Cloacal aperture- serves as an exit point for waste products from digestion as well as
reproductive materials during spawning seasons.
INTERNAL ANATOMY OF JAWLESS FISH

• Spinal cord- transmits sensory and motor signals between the brain and body.
• Notochord- provides structural support and attachment points for muscles.
• Cranial cartilage- provides structural support for the head region.
• Nasopharyngeal pouch- acts as a respiratory structure that connects the nasal cavity to the
pharynx.
• Brain- It processes sensory information, particularly from olfactory inputs, and coordinates
motor functions necessary for swimming and feeding.
• Nostril- serves as an entry point for water into the olfactory sac.
• Olfactory sac- is an important sensory organ that detects chemical signal in the water.
• Papillae- are small, finger-like projections found inside the mouth that help grip onto
surfaces or prey during feeding.
• Mouth- is equipped with sharp teeth arranged in a circular pattern around its opening.
• Pharynx- serves as a passageway for both food and water.
• Respiratory tube- allows water to exit after passing over the gills where gas exchange
occurs.
• Internal gill slits-extract oxygen from water passing through the slits.
• Heart- pumps blood through the ventral aorta to the gills.
• Liver- plays several roles including detoxification, metabolism regulation, and storage of
nutrients.
• Esophagus- connects the pharynx to the stomach.
• Intestine- absorbs nutrients from blood meals.
• Gonads- are responsible for reproduction.
CARTILAGINOUS FISH
 Have skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone.
 Do not have typical fish scales
 Their skin is tough and abrasive 

 Have between 5 and 7 gills


EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF CARTILAGINOUS FISH

• Caudal fin- is primarily responsible for propulsion and steering. It provides thrust as the fish swims,
allowing it to move forward efficiently.
• Median ventral fin- also known as the anal fin in some species, plays a role in stabilization during
swimming. It helps maintain balance and prevents rolling or pitching movements as the fish navigates through
water.
• Pelvic Fin- assist in stabilization and maneuverability, allowing the fish to make precise movements.
• Mouth- mouth of cartilaginous fish is adapted for feeding. Depending on the species, it can be used
for biting prey or filtering food from water. The structure of the mouth allows these fish to consume a
variety of diets ranging from small fish to plankton.
• Eyes- are crucial for vision and play an important role in hunting and navigation. Cartilaginous fish
often have well-developed eyes that allow them to see clearly underwater.
• First dorsal fin- serves primarily as a stabilizing structure during swimming. It helps prevent
rolling and assists with directional control when navigating through water.
• Lateral line- system is a sensory organ that detects vibrations and changes in water pressure
around the fish.
• Second dorsal fin- contributes to stability while swimming.
• Gill clefts- or gill slits, are openings that allow water to flow over the gills where gas exchange
occurs.
• Pectoral fins- help cartilaginous fish maintain buoyancy by generating lift as they swim upward
or downward in the water column.
INTERNAL ANATOMY OF CARTILAGINOUS FISH

• Kidneys- are primarily responsible for osmoregulation and excretion.


• Intestine- primary function of the intestine is nutrient absorption. The inner lining contains folds
and villi that increase surface area for absorption.
• Stomach- serves as a storage organ where food can be broken down before it moves into the
intestine
• Dorsal aorta- is a major blood vessel that runs along the back of cartilaginous fish. Its primary function
is to distribute oxygenated blood from the heart to various parts of the body.
• Esophagus- acts as a conduit for food from the mouth to the stomach.
• Spiral valve- is an adaptation found within the intestine of many cartilaginous fish. This structure
increases intestinal surface area without requiring an elongated gut, allowing for prolonged digestion and
nutrient absorption.
• Liver- has several critical functions in cartilaginous fish: it produces bile for fat emulsification, stores
energy reserves, detoxifies harmful substances, and plays a role in metabolism regulation.
• Heart- consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles .Its primary function is to pump
deoxygenated blood from the body to gills for oxygenation before distributing oxygen-rich blood
throughout the body via arteries.
• Pancreas- serves both endocrine and exocrine functions in cartilaginous fish.
• Stomach- serves as a storage organ where food can be broken down before it moves into the intestine.
REFERENCES:
• https://www.dnr.sc.gov/fish/anatomy.html

• https://n1outdoors.com/fish-anatomy/

• https://marinewaters.fish.wa.gov.au/resource/bony-fish-internal-anatomy/

• https://n1outdoors.com/fish-anatomy/

• https://www.britannica.com/animal/agnathan#ref63377

• https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sea-lamprey.html

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3995830/#:~:text=Their%20pharynx%20is%20perforated%20by,species
%20are%20quite%20physically%20powerful.

• https://marinewaters.fish.wa.gov.au/resource/shark-external-anatomy/

• https://byjus.com/biology/cartilaginous-fish-diagram/

• https://byjus.com/biology/cartilaginous-fish-diagram/
THANK
MEMBERS:

YOU!!!!
MIALA, MARIEL T.
GUMIKIB, ALODIA KRISLAINE G.
CANADA, MARIEL
ALMA LALI SABTURANI-ALIM MOHAMMAD
CRUZ, REYDEN T.
JEFFREY JUMALON ANSALI

You might also like