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Chapter 9 - LEX - LabManual

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30 views26 pages

Chapter 9 - LEX - LabManual

Uploaded by

Yohannes Dereje
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Manual

How to Compile and Run LEX / YACC programs?


How to Compile and Run LEX / YACC
programs?
 Installing the Software and setting up the
environment variable (path)
 Compiling and Running LEX Programs:
 Compiling and Running YACC Programs:
 Flex – Lexical Analyzer Generator
 Regular Expression
 LEX programs
Compile & Run LEX and YACC Programs on
Windows
 Download the following Software:
1. Download Flex 2.5.4a:
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/fl
ex.htm
2. Download Bison 2.4.1:
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bi
son.htm
3. Download DevC++:
https://www.bloodshed.net/
Installing the Software and setting up the
environment variable (path):
 Install Flex at “C:\GnuWin32”
 Install Bison at “C:\GnuWin32”
 Install DevC++ at “C:\Dev-Cpp”

 Open Environment Variables and paste:


Add “C:\GnuWin32\bin; C:\Dev-Cpp\TDM-GCC-64\bin” to
path.
Compile & Run LEX and YACC Programs on
Windows
 Compiling and Running LEX Programs:
 flex hello.l
 gcc lex.yy.c
 a.exe
 Compiling and Running YACC Programs:
 flex hello.l
 bison -dy hello.y
 gcc lex.yy.c y.tab.c
 a.exe
How to Compile & Run LEX and YACC
programs on UBUNTU?
 Run the following commands on terminal:
 sudo apt-get update
 Install software
1. sudo apt-get intall flex
2. sudo apt-get intall byacc
3. sudo apt-get intall bison
4. sudo apt-get intall bison++
5. sudo apt-get intall byacc-j
How to Compile & Run LEX and YACC
programs on UBUNTU?
 Compiling and Running LEX Programs:
flex hello.l
gcc lex.yy.c
./a.out
 Compiling and Running YACC Programs:
flex hello.l
bison -d hello.y
gcc lex.yy.c y.tab.c
./a.out
Flex – Lexical Analyzer Generator

A language for specifying lexical analyzers

lang.l Flex compiler lex.yy.c

C compiler
lex.yy.c a.out
-lfl

source code a.out tokens


A lex program has the following form:

%{

1. Declarations

%}

%%

2. Translation rules

%%

3. Auxiliary functions
Implementation of Lexical Analyzer using Lex
 A lex program has the following form:
1. Declarations
– It includes declaration of variables used in the code segment and
regular definitions .
– Variable declarations are specified within %{ and %}.

2. Translation rules
– Translation rules each have the form: {Pattern} Action
– Each pattern is a regular expression, which may use the regular
definitions of the declaration section.
– Each section is divided with %%
3. Auxiliary functions
– It holds whatever additional functions are used in the actions.
Regular Expression
 The characters that form regular expressions are:
– . : Matches any single character except the newline
character (“\n”).
– * : Matches zero or more copies of the preceding
expression.
– [] : A character class which matches any character
within the brackets.
– ^ : Matches the beginning of a line as the first character
of a regular expression. Also used for negation within
square brackets.
Regular Expression
 The characters that form regular expressions are:
– $ : Matches the end of a line as the last character of a regular
expression.
– {} : Indicates how many times the previous pattern is allowed

to match when containing one or two numbers.


– For example: A{1,3} matches one to three occurrences of the
letter A.

– | : Matches either the preceding regular expression or the


following regular expression.
– For example: cow|pig|sheep - matches any of the three words.
Regular Expression
 The characters that form regular expressions are:
– + : Matches one or more occurrence of the preceding regular
expression. For example: [0-9]+ matches “1”, “111”, or
“123456” but not an empty string. (If the plus sign were an
asterisk, it would also match the empty string.)

– ?: Matches zero or one occurrence of the preceding regular


expression. For example: -?[0-9]+ matches a signed number
including an optional leading minus.
Regular Expression – example
Micro scanner
Micro scanner
LEX Program -01
LEX Program -02
LEX Program -03
LEX Program -04
LEX Program -05
LEX Program -06
Lex Program to recognize and display keywords,
numbers, and words in a given statement
%{
#include<stdio.h>
%}
%%
if |
else |
printf {printf(“%s, is a keywod”, yytext);}

[0-9]+{printf(“%s, is a number”, yytext);}

[a-za-z]+ {printf(“%s, is a word”, yytext);}

. | \n {ECHO; }
%%
int main(){
printf(“enter the string: \n “);
yylex();
}
int yywrap(){
return 1;
}
Lex example with multiple parts of
speech.
%{
%}
%%
[\t ]+ /* ignore whitespace */ ;
is | am |are |were | was |be |being |been |do |does |did |
will |would |should |can |could |has |have |had
|go { printf("%s: is a verb\n", yytext); }
very | simply |gently |quietly |calmly
| angrily { printf("%s: is an adverb\n", yytext); }
from |behind |above |below
|between { printf("%s: is a preposition\n", yytext); }
Lex example with multiple parts of
speech…
if | then |and |but |or { printf("%s: is a conjunction\n",
yytext); }
their |my |your |his |her |its { printf("%s: is a adjective\n",
yytext); }
I |you |he |she |we |they { printf("%s: is a pronoun\n",
yytext); }
[a-zA-Z]+ {printf("%s: don't recognize, might be a noun\n",
yytext);}
.|\n { ECHO; }
%%
main()
{
yylex();
}

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