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Week 10-11 Graph Theory Part 1

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7 views12 pages

Week 10-11 Graph Theory Part 1

Uploaded by

Niza Agalla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graph Theory
PART A: BASICS OF GRAPH THEORY: VERTICES, EDGES, DEGREE
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Basics of Graph Theory:
Vertices, Edges, and Degree

❑ Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study


of graphs.
❑ Graphs are used to model various real-world scenarios, such as
social networks, transportation systems, and more.
❑ In this lesson, we will explore the fundamental concepts of graph
theory, including vertices, edges, and degree, and how they are
used to analyze and understand graphs.
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Basics of Graph Theory:
Vertices, Edges, and Degree

Learning Objectives:
❑Understand the basic components Discussion:
of a graph: vertices and edges. ❑Vertices and Edge
❑Define and calculate the degree of ❑Degree of a Vertex
a vertex. ❑Real-World Examples
❑Explore real-world examples to
illustrate these concepts.
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Vertices and Edges

⮚ A graph is a mathematical structure composed of two main elements:


vertices and edges.

⮚ Vertices (singular: vertex) are the points in a graph. They are often
represented as dots or circles in graphical depictions.

⮚ Edges are the connections between vertices. They are represented as lines or
arcs in graphical depictions.
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Vertices and Edges

Example:

✔Imagine a simple social network, where people (vertices) are connected to


each other if they are friends.
✔Each person is a vertex, and friendships are represented as edges between
them.
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Degree of a Vertex

⮚ The degree of a vertex is the number of edges connected to it.

⮚ In an undirected graph, the degree is the same as the number of adjacent


vertices.

⮚ In a directed graph, there are two types of degrees: in-degree (incoming


edges) and out-degree (outgoing edges).
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Degree of a Vertex

Example:

✔Consider a transportation network where cities are represented as vertices,


and roads as edges.
✔The degree of a city represents how well-connected it is in terms of road
connections.
✔A city with a high degree is well-connected to other cities, while a city
with a low degree might be more isolated.
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Real-World Examples

Graph theory is widely used in various fields. Let's look at a few practical
examples.

Social Networks
✔In social networks like Facebook or Twitter, users are vertices, and
connections (friendships or followers) are edges.
✔Analyzing the degree of users can help identify popular individuals or
potential influencers.
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Real-World Examples

Computer Networks
✔In computer networks, devices (computers, routers) are vertices, and
connections (cables or wireless links) are edges. The degree of a device can
indicate its importance in the network.

Transportation
✔In a transportation system, intersections (or cities) are vertices, and roads (or
routes) are edges. The degree of an intersection can reveal traffic congestion or
critical junctions.
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Example Problems

Example #1

Given a graph with 6 vertices and 9 edges, calculate the average degree of its
vertices.

Solution:
Average Degree = (2 * Number of Edges) / Number of Vertices
Average Degree = (2 * 9) / 6 = 3
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Example Problems

Example #2

In a directed graph, a vertex A has an in-degree of 3 and an out-degree of 2.


What is the total degree of vertex A?

Solution:
Total Degree = In-Degree + Out-Degree
Total Degree = 3 (in-degree) + 2 (out-degree) = 5
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Conclusion

⮚ Understanding the basics of graph theory, including vertices, edges,


and degree, is essential for analyzing and solving various real-
world problems.

⮚ Graphs are powerful tools for modeling and understanding


relationships and connectivity in a wide range of applications,
making them a fundamental concept in mathematics and computer
science.

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