Lesson 3

This chapter will discuss the influence of science and

technology in the development of thePhilippine society. It
identifies government programs, projects, and policies
geared toward boasting the science and technological
capacity of the country. It also identifies some strategies to
promote science education in the country to establish
science schools that will encourage students to pursue their
career in science and technology and to nurture their gifted
potentials in science. This also include the discussion on
indigenous science and technology of the Filipinos during
early times, tried to invent tools that will help them in
everyday life.
(youtube video: Republic of the Philippines (Then and
Now) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi_yWetmdtA
I. Brief historical background of the Philippines:
a) Pre-Colonial Period / Pre-Spanish Philippines
■ Science is observed in the way they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies predict
seasons and climates, and in organizing days into months and years .
■ Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigation, and in developing tools that
they can use in everyday life.

b) Colonial Period

■ During Spanish era, the life of the Filipinos slowly became modernized by adapting some
of Western technology and their ways of life.
 b) Post-Colonial Period / New Republic
■ Focusing on using its limited resources in improving S&T capability.
■ Use of Overseas Development Allocation to improve scientific
productivity and technological capability. Human resource development is
at the heart of focusing on producing more engineers scientists,
technology experts, doctrines and other professionals in the country.
■ The development of S&T in the Philippines is shaped by human and
social activities, both
internal and external influences which may have significant impact on
the lives of the people and
in the development of the Philippine society.
II. Role of Science and Technology in Nation Building

● Technology is always linked with development phase. Thus, for

development to happen, science and technology must go
together.
● Science is known as the study of knowledge, which is made into a system and depends
on analyzing and understanding facts. Technology is basically application of this
scientific knowledge.
■ Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology using
indigenous materials such as walls, roads, bridges, and other
large infrastructures brought by the Spaniards Engineering
Skills and tools.
■ Medicine and advance science were introduced in formal colleges
and universities established by the Catholics.
■ The American occupation have more influence in the
development of science and technology in the
Philippines.
■ They established government agency, the Bureau of Science, for
the sole purpose of nurturing development in the field of science
and technology.
 c) Post-Colonial Period / New Republic

■ Focusing on using its limited resources in improving S&T capability.

■ Use of Overseas Development Allocation to improve scientific productivity and

technological capability. Human resource development is at the heart of focusing on
producing more engineers, scientists, technology experts, doctrines and other
professionals in the country
■ The development of S&T in the Philippines is shaped by human and social activities,
both
internal and external influences which may have significant impact on the lives of the
people and
in the development of the Philippine society.
II. Role of Science and Technology in Nation Building
● Technology is always linked with development phase. Thus, for
development to happen, science and technology must go together.
● Science is known as the study of knowledge, which is made
into a system and depends on analyzing and understanding
facts. Technology is basically application of this scientific
knowledge.
● Modernization in every aspect of life is the greatest
example of the implementation.
● The influence of Science and Technology for the
development of the Philippine nation may able to
sustain the lives there and may have to solely depend
on our nation rather than other nations for basic
requirements.
CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
◆ Science affects virtually everyone. The impact of technological
inventions on individual people, communities, and environment must be
carefully considered.
◆ The power of science to bring about changes places a duty on
scientists to proceed with great caution both in what they do and what
they say.
◆ Good scientific communication via the mass media is especially
important in those areas directly and strongly affecting people’s lives.
◆ Science in the developing world such as the Philippines, differ from
that in the industrialized world.
◆ Science today seems caught in a cross-fire between two opposing
world views.
CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT
◆ Scientific knowledge, technological developments, infrastructures and productive
capabilities, educated and skilled human resources, entrepreneurial skills, commercial
organizations and a rapidly expanding global social network offer unprecedented
opportunities for rapid social progress.
The principal reasons behind the significant gap between the developing world and
developed world is lack of technology.
◆ New technology which will boost food production, improve
infrastructure, improved healthcare and provide sanitation
facilities could change the quality of life in the developing
world.
III. Government Policies Pertaining to Science and
Technology:
● The Philippine government introduced implemented several
programs, projects and policies to boost the area of science
and technology.
● The goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to
meet the demands of a technologically driven world and
capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science.
 DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DOST)
● Kagawaran ng Agham at Teknolohiya is the executive department of the
Philippine Government responsible for the coordination of science and
technology-related projects in the Philippines in the fields of science and
technology in support of national development.

● Other existing programs supported by the Philippine government through the

DOST:
a) Overseas Development Aid (ODA) – providing funds for basic research and patents
related to science and technology.
b) Providing scholarship for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in field of
science and technology - to produce more doctoral graduates in the field of science and
technology.
c) Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for
training young Filipinos in the field of science and technology.
d) Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to come home and work
in the Philippines.
e) Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage
academe and industry partnerships.
f) The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering
Complex within the University of the Philippines Campus in Diliman.
 NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PLAN 2002-2020

● This documents puts forth visions and goals related to S&T and describes strategic
areas.

● The vision for 2004 is “Science and Technology significantly contributes enhancing the
national productivity and competitiveness and solving urgent national issues.”
● The vision for 2010 “The Philippines has created a niche market and provides and utilizes
world-class knowledge and expertise in the fields selected. The country also fosters a vibrant
culture of science and technology.”
● The vision for 2020 is “The Philippines develops world-class competitive products and
services based on high technical capabilities.”
● Strategic Areas are Classified into Nine Categories based on the Visions:
a) Pursuit of a niche and formation of clusters.
b) Efforts to tackle urgent national issues (poverty, inadequate food, water and
energy, housing and employment, low income, low productivity, devastation, cyber terrorism,
and fragile governance).
 c) Cultivation of human resources in the fields of science and
technology.
d) Provision of Support to small to mediocre enterprise.
e) Promotion of technology transfer and utilization.
f) Building and upgrading of infrastructure in the fields of science
and technology.
g) Enhancement of the relationship between government, industry,
academic and society, and foreign countries.
h) Improvement of administrative ability in the fields of science and
technology. i) Fostering of scientific, technological, and innovative
culture.
● Eight (8) Expected Outcomes to be pursued from the implementation of the strategies:
a) Science based expertise and tools for achieving world class productivity in the field of
agriculture.
b) Revolutionary, cost-effective and appropriate technologies for small to medium
companies to develop and produce world class competitive products.
c) State of the art facilities and equipment for achieving a world class competitive edge while
the improving the values chains of domestic technologies.
d) The Philippines as a world leader in the IT field.
e) Transforming government based on ICT in a manner that widens access to government
services.
f) Improving medical care by scientific innovation.
g) Fostering highly capable and world competitive human resources in the fields of science
and technology through national science and technology programs.
h) Providing science based weather and climate information along with impact assessment
results.
MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES ● The USAID in
partnership with DOST instituted the following:
1) Storm surge modelling, training and study visits National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientific centers.
2) Registered 1.3million fisher folk to give them access to GPH(Government of
the Phil) basic services and help in fisheries conservation.
3) Helped the Philippines to improve its ability to respond to natural disasters and
adapt to the negative impacts of climate change by setting up EWS(Early Warning
System) in flood and landslide prone communities.
4) Introduced mobile and web-based applications technology.
5) Promoted digital literacy
6) Helped create an electronic medical record system, which facilitated
accessto300,000 patients and generated 700,000 patient consultations,
significantly improving delivery of health services and advise .
.
 7) Initiated support for researching utilization of
Oxytocin in Uniject. This proven, innovative
technology aims to reduce the number of
maternal deaths in the Philippines.
8) Supported research in tuberculosis (TB) in
children and the relationship of tobacco and
to children

9) Use of renewable energy and environment-friendly alternative

energy realizing its guiding vision of “Energy Access for More”.
10) Assisted Batangas City in more effective and sustainable local
planning.
11) Addressed increasing levels of emissions due to rapid
urbanization
IV. Science Education in the Philippines
● Science education deals with the development of people in science,
which is the heart of science, technology, and society.
● Science education deals with teaching and learning of science and in
helping the public develop science literacy.
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN BASIC EDUCATION
● Science education helps students learn important concepts and facts that
are related everyday life including important skills such as process skills,
critical thinking skills, and life skills that are needed in coping up with daily
life activities
• Science education will develop a strong foundation for studying science
and for considering science-related careers in the future.
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN TERTIARY EDUCATION
● Science education in this level focuses on the preparation of science
teachers, scientist, engineers, and other professionals in various
science-related fields such as engineering, agriculture, medicine, and
health sciences. The state provides scholarship to encourage more
students to pursue science courses.
SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)
◆ This is a government program for gifted students in the Philippines. It is a service
institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) whose mandate is to offer
free scholarship basis for secondary course with special emphasis on subjects pertaining
to the sciences, with the end-view of preparing its students for science career (Republic
No. 3661)
2. Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project
◆ This project is a pursuance to DepEd Order no. 73 s. 2008 and DepEd Order no.
51s.2010. It started in June 2007 with 57 identified elementary schools that participated or
were identified as science elementary schools in the country, until today it grow more than
60 schools nationwide and now its sixth year of implementation.
3. Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project
◆ Aims: To develop Filipino children equipped with scientific and technological knowledge,
skills, and values.
◆ Mission: Provide a learning environment to science-inclined children through special
curriculum that recognizes the multiple intelligence of the learners; promote the development
of lifelong learning skills; foster the holistic development of the learners.
4. Quezon City Regional Science High School
◆ The school was established on Sept. 17, 1967. Originally it was named Quezon City
Science High School and turned into a regional science high school for the National Capital
Region 1999.The school teaches the basic education courses prescribed by the DepEd for
secondary education.
◆ The school is established for special science school for talented students or science-gifted
students in science and mathematics to develop spirit of inquiry and creativity. The School is
well-supported by the local government unit and PTA, under the DepEd.
5. Manila Science High School (MSHS)
◆ The school was established on October 1, 1963 as Manila Science High School (MSHS).The
first science high school in the Philippines
◆ MSHS aims to produce scientist with soul, producing outstanding alumni and for winning
various national competition.
◆ The curriculum of the school puts more emphasis on science and mathematics, humanities
courses and other electives are included in their curriculum; and they also encouraged to
participate in various extra curricular activities.
6. Central Visayan Institute Foundation
◆ It is the home and pioneer of the prominent school-based innovation knowns Dynamic
Learning Program (DLP).
◆ DLP is a synthesis of classical and modern pedagogical theories adapted to foster the
highest level of learning, creativity, and productivity.

◆ The school takes pride in its Research Center for Theoretical Physics (RCTP) established in 1992,
which organizes small international workshops workshops to foster the informal but intense exchange of
ideas and perspectives on outstanding problem in physics and mathematics.
V. Indigenous Science and Technology
What is INDIGENOUS?
● Refers to native ; originating or occurring naturally in a particular place What is
Indigenous SCIENCE?
● Refers to the science knowledge of all peoples who, as participants in culture, are
affected by the worldview and interests of their home communities and homelands.
CONCEPT of Indigenous Science
● Indigenous science uses science process skills such as observing, comparing, classifying,
measuring, problem solving, inferring, communicating, and predicting.
● Indigenous science is guided by culture and community values such as the land which
source of life. It is a precious gift from the creator.
● Indigenous science is composed of traditional knowledge practiced and valued by people
and communities such as ethno-biology, ethno-medicine, indigenous farming method and
folk astronomy.
Indigenous KNOWLEDGE System
● Indigenous knowledge is just like embedded in daily life experiences of young children as
theygrowup.
● They live and grow in a society where the members of the community prominently practice
indigenous knowledge.
● Their parents and other older folks served as their first teachers and their methods of
teaching very effective in transmitting cultural knowledge in their minds.
● The lessons they learned are intimately interwove with their culture and environment.
Examples of indigenous knowledge:
✔ Prediction of weather
✔ Using herbal medicine
✔ Preserving of foods
✔ Classifying plants and animals into families
✔ Selecting good seeds for planting
Examples of indigenous knowledge using indigenous technology:
✔ Building local irrigation
✔ Classifying different types of soil for planting
✔ Producing wines from tropical fruits
✔ Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables
VI. Filipino Great Men and Women in Science and Technology - according to
Regine Cabato documented the seven Filipino scientists who are “changing the world”.
1. Reina Reyes – astrophysicist
• a 28-year-old astrophysicist who astounded scientists all over the world when she
proved Einstein's Theory of General Relativity on Aa cosmic scale.

2. Irene Crisologo – radar meteorologist

■ based in Potsdam, Germany working , studies rainfall and how rainfall can be measured
more accurately using processing weather radar data.
3. Andreia Carillo – astrophysicist
■ From Bulacan but now based in Austin,USA and a doctorate degree at the
UniversityTexas.Study the Galaxy and other nearby galaxies.
 4. Sarah Oliva – geophysicist
Based in Tulane, New Orleans,USA. From Naga City (Camarines Sur). She had background
in physics and material sciences , interested in the workings of the earth, especially related to
earthquake.
5. Migs Canilao – anthropologist and archeologist
■ He specializes in environmental and urban geography. Completing his studies at the
Universityof Illinois in Chicago where his research involves using high resolution satellite
imagery to track ancient gold trading trailing and settlements in Northwestern Luzon.
6. Julius Sempio - specialist in geoinformatics and remote sensing
■ Helping develop an effective archive and database for images coming from Diwata-1,akaPHL-
Microsat-1,a Philippine microsatellite launched into the orbit last year. And International Space
Station the future Diwata-2.
7. Kamela Ng – molecular epidemiologist
■ In Institute of tropical Medicine at Antwerp in the Netherlands, Belgium and
University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Her current research is focused
on early detection of drug resistant –tuberculosis transmission.

LIST OF FAMOUS FILIPINO BIOLOGIST

- because of their work, research and inventions of these biologist have made to the top.
- 1. Angel C. Alcala
■ Worked for the conservation of tropical marine resources and invented artificial coral
reefs are used for fisheries in Southeast Asia.
2. Benjamin D. Cabrera
■ Involve in medical parasitology and public health and has published over 100 scientific
studies.
■ Earned the Philippine Legion of Honor for his work with filariasis, a parasitic disease.
■ Developed innovative drug treatments for mosquito-borne diseases.
■ Worked on controlling ascariasis, a human disease caused by a parasitic roundworm.
3. Pedro B. Escuro – plant breeder
■ Develop high-yield varieties of C4 rice against diseases and pests.

4. Edgardo Gomez – marine ecosystem and marine biologist

■ Work on coral reefs led to saving the true giant clam from extinction.
5. Bienvenido O. Juliano
■ Develop method of evaluating grain quality and senior consultant for the Philippine Rice
Research Institute.
6. Milagrosa R. Martinez
■ Pioneer in field of micro-algae culture and research in field of phycology and studied nostoc
commune and chlorella.
7. Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza
■ Research in plant biochemistry “makapuno” phenotype of coconut and the nutritional worth
of legumes indigenous to the Philippines, cassava and sweet potatoes.
■ Studied resistance in certain plants to pests or diseases.
8. Baldomero Olveria Jr.

■ Conducted research in fields of molecular biology and biochemistry and he has isolated DNA
enzymes.
■ His discovery of Conus peptides may lead to drugs for pain and nervous system
disorder.
 9. .Eduardo Quisumbing
■ An authority of Philippine plants. Published numerous papers about medicinal plants like
orchids
.■ Received award on Distinguished Service Star (botany) and Diploma of Merit (orchidology)
10. Asuncion Raymundo
■ An Academician of NAST (National Academy of Science and Technology) and advisory
group of science and technology to the Office of the President.
• Known the antibiotic potential of marine sponges and bryophytes in the Phil.
 11. Reynaldo A. Tabada

■ Made contributions in air pollution and water resources like assessing the environmental impact of
pollutants from thermal power plants that use coal, the effects of heavy metal emissions and hydrogen
sulfide from geothermal plants on vegetation and assessing the nitrogen and phosphorus in Laguna
Lake.
12. Carmen Velasquez

■ Studied fish parasitology and discovered 32 species,1 genus of digenetic trematodes in fish population,
2 new trematode species on birds, 5 mammals, parasitic copepod and 2 new species of nematodes.
13. Benito S. Vergara

■ An expert on flowering response of rice to photoperiodism and physiology.

■ His research has led to improvement of deep water rice that is tolerant to floods and cold temperature, and
increased production.
14. Prescillano M. Zamora

■ Done work on the xylem elements of vascular plants. His research on ferns led the discovery of additional
species. Contributed to the conservation of natural resources and environmental policy research.
FAMOUS FILIPINO SCIENTIST IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
1. Ramon Cabanos Barba- outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes.
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso- works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using
satellite images.
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.- known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; elected
officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. His contributions to
the theory and practice of automatic control.
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz- notable for her research on sea snail venom and
known as Sea Snail Venom Specialist because of her understanding of the
toxic peptides from the venom of fish-hunting Conus marine snails
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit- for his research on herbal medicine.
6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III- for his research on tilapia culture.
7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.- for inventing the meconium drugs testing.
 8. Lilian Formalejo Patena- for doing research on plant biotechnology.

* Discovered a breed of calamansi and seedless pomelo.

9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz- outstanding educator and graph theorist.
10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan- research in the field of communications
technology.
* Inventor of analog messaging in sending messages usingFiber Optics and
Digitalization for its processing.