Normal Distribution:

Standard Normal
Distribution
Jamie Frost
www.drfrost.org
@DrFrostMaths

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[email protected]
@DrFrostResource

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Last modified:7th August 2024 charity in England and Wales (no
1194954)
Teacher Notes
Prerequisite
Knowledge Future Links
• 68-95-99.7 rule • Hypothesis testing for a
• Probability of ranges using the population mean.
normal distribution. • Central limit theorem.
• Inverse normal distribution.

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subskill to allow you further Test Your Understanding opportunities. (e.g.
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Skills in this Lesson
643 Standard normal distribution (including unknown mean and standard
deviation)
643a Understand the distribution and convert values to a -value.
643b Determine the mean of a normal distribution (no context).
643c Determine the standard deviation of a normal distribution (no context).
643d Determine the mean and standard deviation of a normal distribution (no context).
643e Determine the mean or standard deviation of a normal distribution in context.
643f Determine the mean or standard deviation of a normal distribution where the
probability of a two-ended range is given in context. Dr Frost Learning is a registered
643g charity in England
Determine the mean and standard deviation of a normal distribution and Wales (no
in context.
How to use these slides
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Recap
IQ (‘Intelligence Quotient’) is a measure of intelligence, with
distribution .

a Determine the probability that a randomly chosen person has

an IQ above .
b Determine the IQ for which of people have an IQ above.

Use your calculator’s

distribution
a sf functionality, using as
the lower boundary.

𝑓 (𝑥 )
b
Draw a diagram. To use the
𝑃 ( 𝑋 < 𝑘) =0.6 inverse normal
𝒌=𝟏𝟎𝟑 . 𝟖 distribution on your
calculator, you need the
area up to a particular
0.6 𝟎.𝟒 value.
100𝑘
Recap : Standard Deviations Above/Below
Mean
We are often interested Let and
in how many standard Determine how many
deviations a value is standard deviations
above or below the above or below the mean
mean. This will allow us
𝑓 (𝑥 )
the following values are.
to make calculations 𝜇+ 2 𝜎
about the normal
distribution later.
a 190 standard
deviations
above.
𝜇− 3 𝜎
b 165 standard
deviations
c 21 0 below.
standard
deviations
above.

Height
(cm)
Score drfrost.org/
s/
643a

 A score/value is the number of

standard deviations a value is
above the mean.

where is the mean and is the

standard deviation.

IQ is a measure of
intelligence where the a
is standard We can see by
mean IQ is defined as
deviations above observation, but if
and the standard
deviation is defined as . the mean.? we used the
formula:
Find the values of
people with the
following IQs: b is standard as expected.
a deviation ?below the
b mean.
c c ?
d
d ?
Values To/From Percentiles
! The -distribution, also known as the
By setting the mean and
standard normal distribution, is a normal
standard deviation this
distribution with mean and standard way, this means the
deviation : -value of each value is
itself, e.g. the -value of is:
𝑓 (𝑧)

𝝓 ( 𝟏 .𝟐 )
𝑧
0 1.2
! , i.e. the
cumulative
probability up to a
𝜙 ( 1.2 )=𝑃 ( 𝑍<1.2 )
given value of . This means that of values in a normal distribution have a
-value up to .
For IQ, this means of people have an IQ of up to
standard deviations above the mean, i.e.
On a fx-CG50 Calculator
Calculate
On the main menu, scroll 2 Choose
1 down to Distribution. Normal.

3 4 Read off value.

so keep tail as . Leave and
Scroll down to Execute.

If , then
1
Calculate the value
While still on the normal distribution
such that plot, press to select the probability,
and change to . This changes the to

Thus
On a ClassWiz 991CW Calculator
Calculate

On the main menu, scroll 2 Choose Normal

1 down to Distribution. CD
(C=Cumulative).

4 Read off value.

3
Put lower value as a large
negative number. Leave .
Execute.

1 If , then 2 Put area as (this is

3 Read off value.
Calculate the the probability up to
Select Inverse Normal the value to
value such determine).
that
Applied Examples (using only)
IQ has mean and standard deviation of .
a By first converting to a -value, determine the what
percentage someone with an IQ of would be in.
b Determine the IQ of someone in the 30th percentile,
i.e.

Use to
a convert IQ
107 − 100 to a value.
𝜎 =15 𝑧=
15

Use your
𝑥 calculator
100 107 to calculate
the desired
area under
the normal
distribution
.
68th percentile
Applied Examples (using only)
IQ has mean and standard deviation of .
a By first converting to a -value, determine the what
percentage someone with an IQ of would be in.
b Determine the IQ of someone in the 30th percentile,Use the inverse
i.e. normal to
determine the
value
b corresponding to
the area () up to
this value.
𝜎 =15

𝑥
𝑥 100 Use to
convert from
a value back
to an IQ.
Note: You can obviously avoid using altogether and calculate
the desired values directly with your calculator. The intent here
is to understand how to convert to/from and understand .
Test Your Understanding
1 The mean height of women in a country is cm and the
standard deviation cm. Complete the following table.

Height -value Percentile

cm ? ?
cm ? ?
?
cm ?
cm
? ?
cm
? ?
Solving Problems With Unknown or
The distribution becomes more useful when solving problems
involving an unknown mean or standard deviation.

. Given that , determine .

Use the inverse normal
with to determine the
value associated with
the percentile (i.e.
above) 𝜎 =5
to sf Use 0.7 0.3 𝑥
𝜇 25
. Given that , determine . Common sense
check: we expect to
get a negative
𝜎 =? because if of data is
below us, we’re
below the mean.

0.2 𝑥
to sf 8 10
Test Your Understanding drfrost.org/
s/
643b 643c

2 . Given that , determine .

to dp
?

3 . Given that , determine .

to sf
?
and Both Unknown
We can use the same strategy if both and are unknown.
But if there are unknowns, we need equations to solve.

. Given that and , determine and .

Use the first inequality

to get a first equation
in terms of and
𝜎 =?

0.1 0.2 𝑥
20 𝜇 30
Putting in this form (with both
variables on one side) makes it
easier to use your calculator’s
simultaneous equation solved
later.
Use your calculator’s
simultaneous solver, inputting the
equations as:

Then and .
Test Your Understanding drfrost.org/
s/
643d

4 . Given that and , determine and .

?
Test Your Understanding drfrost.org/
s/
643g

These questions might also be in

context.
5 On the planet of Gazorpazorp, of pregnancies are less than
months and of pregnancies are more than months.
Determine mean and standard deviation of Gazorpazorpian
pregnancies.