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Fusion

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21 views10 pages

Fusion

Uploaded by

hifzasharif17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUSION

Definition:
It is the process by which the solids get converted into liquids without the
addition of any solvent.
The process of liquefying a substance by heat without the aid of a solvent is
called fusion.

In a pure crystalline solid, this process occurs at a fixed temperature called the
melting point
An impure solid generally melts over a range of temperatures below the
melting point of the principal component.
Thermal fusion of a given mass of a solid requires the addition of a
characteristic amount of heat, the heat of fusion

In the reverse process, the freezing of the liquid to form the solid, the same
quantity of heat must be removed.

The heat of fusion of ice, the heat required to melt one gram, is about 80
calories; this amount of heat would raise the temperature of a gram of liquid
water from the freezing point (0° C, or 32° F) to 80°C (176° F).
Applications:
Fusion is done to purify certain solid and semisolid substances e.g., substances like
Bees wax, hard paraffin, soft paraffin and wool fat are heated to melt and filtered while
hot to remove the dissolved impurities. Then cooling is done to obtain a product free
from dissolved impurities.

This method is also applied for the preparation of ointments when they contain solids
and semisolids in the formulation. All the substances are first molted and then cooled
slowly with constant stirring until a uniform product is obtained. To avoid overheating,
the substances with higher melting points are melted first to which substances with
lower melting points are added.
ELUTRITION
Definition:

Process of separation of a substance into powder of


different degree of fineness by stirring the substance with
large volume of liquid in which it is insoluble and withdrawing
the liquids at different heights
Explanation:

If the velocity of the fluid is less than the settling velocity of the particles, then the
particles will move downward against the stream of fluid. If the setting velocity of
particles is less than the velocity fluid, the particles will move upward.
In other words, small size particles will move upward while the large size particles will
move downward.

So, Elutriation is the process of separation of fine particles from coarse particles. The
particles size can also be measured by this process. The air Elutriation usually give
sharper fractions of small and large particles then water Elutriation.
Apparatus Used:
The apparatus used for Elutriation process is called as Elutriator. They are of
two types:
1.Gravitational Elutriation
In gravitational Elutriation the fluid particles move downward due to
sedimentation (force of gravity) while the lighter particles remain upward.
2.Centrifugal Elutriation
Centrifugal Elutriation causes the fluid stream to rotate under high centrifugal
force to suspend the particles.
Uses:

Heavy and light Kaolin can be separated by this process, because the particles
of heavy Kaolin move downward and those of the light Kaolin move upward.

It is usually used following a size reduction process with the objective of


separating oversize particles which may be returned for further grinding
THANK
YOU

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