Introduction Chapter Two
Introduction Chapter Two
Discussion Point
System
Components of Computer System
Hardware Component
Software Component
A. Input Device
What is the Purpose of Input Device ??
What are the commonly used Input device ??
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Input Device is a device which is used to accept data and
convert it in to a form suitable for computer processing
The commonly used input devices are :-
I.Key board
II.Mouse
III.Scanner
IV.Microphone
Other input devices
Track ball
Light pen
Joystick
Touch screen
Touch pad
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I. Key board
A device with buttons or keys that a user presses it to enter data in to a
computer
Keys on the key board are divided in to :-
1.Alphanumeric Key :- contains alphabets, punctuation mark and
numbers.
2.Function key :- executes different commands based on the application
that are running
3.Numeric keypad:- used to enter digit and arithmetic operations.
4.Arrow key:- used to move the cursor around the text on the screen.
Cursor:- the symbol on the display screen that shows where data may be
entered next.
5. Special keys
ALT, CTRL and Shift
IV. Plotter
It is a Hardcopy Output
It produce high quality color graphics
output
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C. CPU
The “Brain” of the computer
Almost more than 85% of the activities are performed inside the CPU
The CPU is where most calculation takes place
Components of CPU
1.ALU
2.Control Unit
3.Memory Unit
1. ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
Performs Arithmetic (+, -, /, x) and Logical (AND, OR, NOT) operations.
2. Control Unit
It performs all the control function of the computer
It retrieves instructions from the main memory
3. Memory Unit
The memory which is found inside the CPU is called REGISTER
Used to store information
Any data to be processed must be stored in a memory
Stores intermediate results of ALU
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D. Storage Device
Storage Capacity Measurement
Bit :- the smallest unit of storage used in
computing
Byte :- a fixed number of bit
i.e. 1 Byte = 8 Bit
1kB = 210 B = 210 x 8 Bit
1 MB = 220 B = 220 x 8 Bit
1 GB = 230 B = 230 x 8 Bit
1 Tb = 240 B = 240 x 8 Bit
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E.g. 1. If the storage device is 23 GB, find the memory
capacity in:-
a.Byte
b.Bit ???????
Solution
a.Byte
1 GB = 230 B
23 GB = ?? X
1 GB.X = 23 GB . 230 B
1GB 1 GB
X = 23 x 230 B
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Storage device can be divided in to :-
I.Primary Storage Device
II.Secondary Storage Device
I. Primary Storage Device
Also known as Internal Storage Device
e.g. Cache memory, RAM & ROM
a. Cache Memory
Small memory close to the CPU
Faster than the main memory (RAM)
b. RAM (Random Access Memory)
The main memory or the primary storage of the computer.
RAM is volatile (What does it mean ????)
c. ROM (Read Only Memory)
Allow data to be written at least once
Types of ROM
1.PROM (Programmable ROM)
PROM can be written to through a special device (PROM Programmer)
PROM can only be programmed once
2. EPROM (Erasable PROM)
It can be erased by ultraviolet light then rewrite through an EPROM Programmer
3. EEPROM (Electrically EPROM)
Allow the entire ROM to be electrically erased
What is Software ??
Interface
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e.g. of system software
Operating system
Language software
Reading Assignment – III
Device Driver &
Utility Software (Back up, Virus Protection & Data
Compression)