Computer System

Discussion Point
System
Components of Computer System
Hardware Component
Software Component

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System :- is a collection of Components that
work together in coordination to achieve a
common goal
Components of Computer System
I.Hardware Component
II.Software Component
I. Hardware Component
What is Hardware ??

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Hardware is the physical part of the computer
that we can see, touch and sense.
It is also defined as the visible part of the
computer system.
It is composed of a number of electronic and
electromechanical parts which interact with each
other to perform a given task.

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 Different parts of hardware component

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Hardware component can be further divided in
to :-
A.Input Device
B.Output Device
C.CPU
D.Storage Device

A. Input Device
What is the Purpose of Input Device ??
What are the commonly used Input device ??
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Input Device is a device which is used to accept data and
convert it in to a form suitable for computer processing
The commonly used input devices are :-
I.Key board
II.Mouse
III.Scanner
IV.Microphone
Other input devices
Track ball
Light pen
Joystick
Touch screen
Touch pad
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 I. Key board
A device with buttons or keys that a user presses it to enter data in to a
computer
Keys on the key board are divided in to :-
1.Alphanumeric Key :- contains alphabets, punctuation mark and
numbers.
2.Function key :- executes different commands based on the application
that are running
3.Numeric keypad:- used to enter digit and arithmetic operations.
4.Arrow key:- used to move the cursor around the text on the screen.
Cursor:- the symbol on the display screen that shows where data may be
entered next.
5. Special keys
ALT, CTRL and Shift

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 II. Mouse
A device that is rolled about on a desktop to direct a
pointer on the computers display screen.
Pointer :- an arrow that is used to select item from lists on
the screen.
It consists :-
Primary button (Left button) and
Secondary button (right button)
Operation performed using mouse
Single Click :-selection
Double Click :- Giving Command
Dragging :- Pressing mouse button and moving the mouse

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 III. Scanner
A device that reads text or image on a paper and
converts the information in to a form that a
computer can manipulate.
IV. Microphone
It is an input device used to input sound or voice
data in to a computer for processing.

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 B. Output Device

What is the Purpose of output Device ??

What are the commonly used output device ??

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Output device is a device that are used for
getting result or processed data out after
processing of the data
The commonly used output devices are:-
I.Monitor
II.Printer
III.Speaker
IV.Plotter

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 I. Monitor

Also known as Screen or Video Display Unit

It is a Softcopy Output
It is a terminal that looks like TV screen
Able to display text or image
II. Printer
It is a Hardcopy Output
It is a device that prints text on paper

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 Reading Assignment II
Types of printer

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 III. Speaker
 It is a Voice Output
The sound is input from the external world
through microphone, and is output to the
external world through speaker

IV. Plotter
It is a Hardcopy Output
It produce high quality color graphics
output
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 C. CPU
The “Brain” of the computer
Almost more than 85% of the activities are performed inside the CPU
The CPU is where most calculation takes place
Components of CPU
1.ALU
2.Control Unit
3.Memory Unit
1. ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
Performs Arithmetic (+, -, /, x) and Logical (AND, OR, NOT) operations.
2. Control Unit
It performs all the control function of the computer
It retrieves instructions from the main memory
3. Memory Unit
The memory which is found inside the CPU is called REGISTER
Used to store information
Any data to be processed must be stored in a memory
Stores intermediate results of ALU
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 D. Storage Device
Storage Capacity Measurement
Bit :- the smallest unit of storage used in
computing
Byte :- a fixed number of bit
i.e. 1 Byte = 8 Bit
1kB = 210 B = 210 x 8 Bit
1 MB = 220 B = 220 x 8 Bit
1 GB = 230 B = 230 x 8 Bit
1 Tb = 240 B = 240 x 8 Bit
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E.g. 1. If the storage device is 23 GB, find the memory
capacity in:-
a.Byte
b.Bit ???????
Solution
a.Byte
1 GB = 230 B

23 GB = ?? X
1 GB.X = 23 GB . 230 B
1GB 1 GB

X = 23 x 230 B
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Storage device can be divided in to :-
I.Primary Storage Device
II.Secondary Storage Device
I. Primary Storage Device
Also known as Internal Storage Device
e.g. Cache memory, RAM & ROM
a. Cache Memory
Small memory close to the CPU
Faster than the main memory (RAM)
b. RAM (Random Access Memory)
The main memory or the primary storage of the computer.
RAM is volatile (What does it mean ????)
c. ROM (Read Only Memory)
Allow data to be written at least once
Types of ROM
1.PROM (Programmable ROM)
PROM can be written to through a special device (PROM Programmer)
PROM can only be programmed once
2. EPROM (Erasable PROM)
It can be erased by ultraviolet light then rewrite through an EPROM Programmer
3. EEPROM (Electrically EPROM)
Allow the entire ROM to be electrically erased

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 II. Secondary Storage Device
Also known as External storage device
It is a computer memory that is not directly accessible to the CPU of the computer
It is non volatile (What does it mean ???
e.g. Magnetic disk, optical disk, flash disk
1.Magnetic Disk
e.g. Floppy Disk
It is a data storage device
It can be read and written by a floppy disk driver
It is cheap & small storage capacity (1.44 MB)
2. Optical Disk
e.g. CD (700 MB) & DVD (4.7 GB and above )
CD (Compact Disk):- two types
CD-R (Recordable) && CD-Rw (Rewritable)
CD-R:- Write data only once.
CD-Rw:- a rewritable optical disk format
DVD (Digital Versatile\Video Disk):- used for data storage, including movies with high
video and sound quality
3. Flash Disk (Flash Memory)
Stores much data
Size = from 1GB and above
Expensive than others
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 II. Software Component

What is Software ??

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Software is a collection of program(instruction)
that supports the operation of performing a task
using a computer.
It is a set of instruction that order a hardware
what to do or how to do.
Types of Software
I. System Software and
II. Application Software

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 I. System Software
This software provides the INTERFACE
between the user and the hardware
\\\
Hardware User

Interface
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e.g. of system software
Operating system
Language software
Reading Assignment – III
Device Driver &
Utility Software (Back up, Virus Protection & Data
Compression)

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 a. Operating System
A computer program that manage the hardwaren & the software resource of the computer
It is the BOSS of the whole system
Basic function of operating system
Memory management
File management
Controlling operations
Input/output management
e.g. of operating system:-
MS-DOS, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
UNIX,…………
b. Language Software
It is a system software that serves to write set of instructions/programs (software) that are required to
solve a problem.
e.g. of language software:-
Translator:- a program that converts one or more languages in to another language
Types of Translator
1.Assembler
2.Compiler
3.Interpreter
Reading Assignment IV
Read about the various types of Translators and Languages (assembly language, high level language, machine
language….)

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 II. Application Software
Are programs that help the end user to perform specific task, such as:-
Word processing, Image manipulation…….
Types of Application software
1.Productivity Software:- makes more productive at performing general
task.
e.g. word processing
2. Home/Personal Software:- used for personal use.
e.g. cooking books, medical guidelines.
3. Educational/Referential Software:- used to learn any subject or to
refer for additional information.
e.g. computer based tutorial.
4. Entertain mental Software:- used for time passing
e.g. games

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 Thank u!!

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