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Basic Components of Computer System

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John Ronald Rio Fortuito
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15 views21 pages

Basic Components of Computer System

Uploaded by

John Ronald Rio Fortuito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASIC

COMPUTER
c
OPERATIONS
INSTRUCTOR: ROMMEL
c
ARIAGA
BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS

 COMPUTER OPERATION(TYPES)


INPUT
PROCESSING
c
 STORAGE
 OUTPUT
 CONTROL
A computer's basic operation revolves around
four fundamental processes: input, processing,
storage, and output. These processes work
together in a continuous cycle to execute
instructions and produce results a computer's
basic
INPUT PROCESSOR OUTPUT
(KEYBOARD,MOUSE) (CPU) (SCREEN,PRINTER)

c
MEMORY

BASIC COMPUTER OPERATION FLOW


INPUT: This stage involves receiving data and
instructions into the computer system. Input
devices,such as keyboards,mouse,scanners,
and microphones, translate user actions and
external data into a format the computer
understands—binary code (0s and 1s). This
c
binary representation allows the computer to
process various types of data, including text,
numbers, images, and sound.
2. PROCESSING: The central processing unit (CPU), often
called the "brain" of the computer, is responsible for
processing the input data. It performs calculations,
logical operations, and data manipulation according to
the instructions provided by software programs. The
speed and efficiency of this processing are influenced by
factors like the CPU's clock speed and the amount of
Random Access Memory (RAM) available. RAM acts as
temporary storage for data being actively processed,
allowing for quick access by the CPU.
3. STORAGE: Processed data needs to be stored. This can
happen in two main ways:
• Primary Storage (RAM): Provides temporary storage
for data currently being used by the CPU. It's fast but
volatile, meaning data is lost when the power is turned
off.
• * Secondary Storage (Hard Disk Drive/SSD): Offers
permanent storage for data even when the computer is
powered down. Hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state
drives (SSDs) are common.
OUTPUT

The final stage involves presenting the processed results


to the user. Output devices, like monitors, printers, and
speakers, translate the binary data back into a human-
readable or usable format. This could be a displayed
image, printed document, or sound played through
speakers.
CONTROL: Some sources also include a fifth
operation, control, which refers to the coordination
and management of the other four operations. The
control unit within the CPU orchestrates the flow of
data and instructions, ensuring that everything
happens in the correct sequence. This is less about
a distinct process and more about the overall
management of the system.
COMMON
PROBLEMS ON
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
1.Performance Issues:
- Slowdowns: Computers can become sluggish over
time due to factors like low disk space, too many
startup programs, outdated software, or
insufficient RAM.
- Freezing or Crashes: These can be caused by
software conflicts, hardware issues, overheating,
or even malware.
2. Software Issues:
- Blue Screen of Death (BSOD): This dreaded error screen
signifies a critical system failure, often caused by hardware
problems, incompatible drivers, or corrupted system files.
- Software Errors and Glitches: Outdated software, corrupted
files, or conflicts between programs can lead to errors and
malfunctions.
- Unresponsive Applications: Applications can freeze or
become unresponsive due to various reasons, including
resource limitations, software bugs, or system conflicts.
- Installation Issues: Applications may fail to install due to
incompatibility, missing files, hardware issues, or insufficient
storage space.
3. Hardware Issues:
- Overheating: Computers generate heat during operation, and
excessive heat can lead to performance issues, crashes, or
even damage to components.
- Hardware Failure: Components like hard drives, RAM, or the
power supply can fail over time, causing various issues.
- Noisy Hard Drive: A clicking, grinding, or whirring sound from
your hard drive could indicate a potential failure, requiring
immediate data backup.
- Peripherals Not Working: Keyboards, mice, printers, or other
devices can malfunction due to cable issues, driver problems,
or hardware failure.
4. Connectivity Issues:
- Internet Connectivity Problems: Slow or intermittent
internet connections can be caused by network
congestion, router issues, modem problems, or
interference.
5. Security Issues:
- Virus and Malware Infections: These malicious programs
can compromise your computer's security, steal data, or
damage files.
6. Other Common Issues:
- Forgotten Passwords: Losing access to your computer or online
accounts due to forgotten passwords can be frustrating.
- Inadequate Storage Space: Running out of storage can limit
your ability to save files, install applications, or download
content.
- Startup Problems: Your computer may fail to boot up properly
due to software conflicts, corrupted system files, or hardware
issues.
- Data Loss: Accidental deletion, hardware failure, or software
corruption can lead to the loss of valuable files and
documents.
Troubleshooting Tips:
- Restart: Often, a simple restart can resolve temporary glitches or
software conflicts.
- Check Connections: Ensure all cables are securely connected and that
ports are not obstructed.
- Update Drivers: Outdated drivers can cause compatibility issues or
performance problems.
- Run System Scans: Use antivirus software to scan for malware and disk
cleanup tools to remove unnecessary files.
- Seek Professional Help: For complex or persistent issues, consider
contacting a qualified IT professional for assistance.

By understanding these common problems and adopting preventative measures like regular
maintenance, you can minimize the likelihood of encountering them and keep your computer running
smoothly.

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