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Lect Net9

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29 views29 pages

Lect Net9

Uploaded by

omarmagdyahmed7474
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 9

Networking Media
Wireless Networking
Intangible Media
Wireless Networking:
Intangible Media
Hot Spot: A hot spot (or hotspot) is a

wireless LAN node that provides Internet


connection and Virtual Private Network
(VPN) access from a given location.

3
Wireless Networking:
Intangible Media

 Increasingly, public places, such as

airports, hotels, and coffee shops are

providing free wireless access for

customers.

5
Types of Wireless Networks

WLANs: Wireless Local Area Networks


WPANs: Wireless Personal Area Networks
WMANs: Wireless Metropolitan Area
Networks
WWANs: Wireless Wide Area Networks

6
WLANs
WLANS allow users in a local area, such

as a university campus or library, to

form a network or gain access to the

internet.
7
WLANs
A temporary network can be formed by a

small number of users without the need of

an access point; given that they do not need

access to network resources.

8
WPANs
The two current technologies for

wireless Personal Area Networks are:

 Infra Red (IR) (IEEE 802.11 )

 Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15)

10
WPANs
These will allow the connectivity of personal

devices within an area of about 30 feet. However,

IR requires a direct line of sight and the

range is less.

11
WMANs
This technology allows the connection of
multiple networks in a metropolitan area
such as different buildings in a city, which can
be an alternative or backup to laying
copper or fiber cabling.

13
WWANs
These types of networks can be
maintained over large areas,
such as cities or countries, via
multiple satellite systems or
antenna sites looked after by an
ISP.
14
Wireless
LAN
Technolog
y

15
Wireless LAN Transmission

All Wireless LANs send/receive signals


broadcast through the atmosphere to
carry information between network devices.
 These signals take the form of waves in the
electromagnetic spectrum
 Frequency of the wave forms is measured in
Hz

16
Wireless LAN Transmission

In wireless communications, frequency

affects the amount and speed of data

transmission.
17
Wireless LAN Transmission

The transmission’s strength or power

determines the distance that

broadcast data can travel and still

remain intelligible.
18
Wireless LAN Transmission

 Lower-frequency
transmissions can carry less data
more slowly over longer
distances.
 High-frequency transmission
can carry more data faster over
shorter distances. 19
Wireless LAN Transmission

Commonly used frequencies for


wireless data communications
 Radio :10 KHz to 300 GHz
 Microwave :1 GHz to 500 GHz
 Infrared :300 GHz to 30 THz

20
Wireless LAN Transmission
Wireless LANs make use of three
primary categories for transmitting and
receiving data
 Infrared
 Narrowband radio
 Spread-spectrum radio

21
1- Infrared LAN Technologies
 Infrared light beams send signals
between pairs of devices.
 Three main kinds of infrared LANs

o Line of sight networks

o Scatter infrared networks

o Broadband optical telepoint networks


22
Line of sight networks
Used to create point-to-point links.
 Range depends on emitted power and
degree of focusing.
Focused IR data link can have range
of kilometres
 Cross-building interconnects between bridges
or routers located in different buildings within
line of sight of each others

23
Fig.28 Line of sight networks
24
 Infrared is susceptible to:
o Attenuation
o EMI
o Eavesdropping
o High-intensity light
o Smoke

25
2- Narrowband Radio LAN
Technologies
Single-frequency

•Low Powered
Radio
•High Power Radio
26
Radio
Radio is the transmission of signals by

modulation of electromagnetic waves

with frequencies below those of

visible light.
27
Narrowband Radio LAN
Technologies

 Receiver and transmitter

must be tuned to the same


frequency to handle
incoming and outgoing data.
28
3- Spread-spectrum radio
Address weaknesses of single-frequency
communications
• Use multiple frequencies simultaneously;
improve reliability and reduce susceptibility
to interference
• Make eavesdropping more difficult

29

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