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Introduction To Research

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8 views17 pages

Introduction To Research

Uploaded by

Aditya Vardhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Research

Meaning of Research
The term research comprises of two words, namely ‘re’ and ‘search’. Generally, ‘re’ means
again and ‘search’ means to find out.
Research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Any
study to create new knowledge or to add to the existing store house of knowledge, may it be
through observation or by any other methods is called research.
Research is a systematic effort of gathering, analysis and interpretation of problems confronted
by humanity. It is a thinking process and scientific method of studying a problem and finding
solution. It is an in-depth analysis based on reflective thinking.
Definition
Clifford Woody (2014) research comprises defining and redefining
problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting,
organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching
conclusions.
From the definition mentioned above, there is a general agreement that
research

Is a process of enquiry and investigation,

Is systematic and methodical and

Increases the knowledge.


Research?

Research is an
ORGANIZED and
SYSTEMATIC way of
FINDING ANSWERS to
QUESTIONS.
Research Problem
A problem well defined is a
problem half solved

Literature Review
Dr. Abdul Azeez N.P. @ AMU
Formulating the research problem
The following steps are undertaken to formulate a research problem.
Step 1: Identifying a broad area of interest
Step 2: Dividing broad areas into subareas
Step 3: Focusing on and selecting an area of interest
Step 4: Identifying the gaps and raising research Questions
Step 5: Formulation of broad objectives
Step 6: Assessing and reviewing objectives
Literature Review

Dr. Abdul Azeez N.P. @ AMU


Your Guide:

“The first thing you must do is conduct a comprehensive


literature review.”

Your Reactions:

What exactly is Literature Review?

Dr. Abdul Azeez N.P. @ AMU


A Definition – Just One!!!

“The selection of available documents (both published and


unpublished) on the topic, which contain information, ideas, data
and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfil certain
aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it is
to be investigated, and the effective evaluation of these documents
in relation to the research being proposed”-(Hart, 1998)

Dr. Abdul Azeez N.P. @ AMU


Why Literature Review?
 Bringing clarity and focus to your research problem/ questions
 Identify relevant theories and research studies
 Broadening your knowledge base in your research area
 Improving your research methodology and interpretation
 Describing the bigger picture that provides the background and creates the
space or gap for your research.

Dr. Abdul Azeez N.P. @ AMU


Defining Business Research
• Business research method is a systematic and scientific procedure of
data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and
implication pertaining to any business problem.
• Business research is defined as the systematic and objective process
of gathering, recording, and analysing data for aid in making business
decisions (Zikmund, 2007).
• Cooper and Schindler (2009) define business research as a systematic
enquiry that provides information to guide managerial decisions.
Business Research Methods: A Decision Making
Tool in the Hands of Management
Decision making is always a crucial part of any organizational
functioning.
In the field of business research, this valuable information is
obtained using the following interrelated steps:
1. Problem or opportunity identification
2. Diagnosing the problem or opportunity
3. Executing business research to explore the solutions
4. Implement presented solutions
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of decision making
(1)Problem or Opportunity Identification

• first step is to clearly identify the problem that needs solving or


an opportunity that the organization wants to explore.
• Any delay in the problem identification and solution implementation
may harm the organization.
Example: A company might notice a decline in sales of the
product.
(2) Diagnosing the Problem or Opportunity

Once the problem or opportunity is identified, the next step is to


thoroughly analyze it to understand its root causes, contributing
factors, or underlying aspects. This involves gathering relevant
data, studying past performance, understanding customer
feedback, or analyzing market conditions.
Example: If sales are declining, diagnosing the problem may
involve examining product quality, pricing strategies, customer
service, or competitors’ actions to determine why this is
happening.
(3)Executing Business Research to
Explore the Solution

After the identification and diagnosis of the problem, business


researchers systematically conduct research to present a solution.
This involves collecting and analyzing data using various research
methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, experiments,
or data analysis tools.
(4)Implement Presented Solution

Business researchers conduct research in consultation with the decision


makers of the concerned organization. The findings are presented to the
decision maker and he or she analyses these findings in the light of his
or her decision range.
Example: If research indicates that a pricing adjustment could
boost sales, the company might implement a new pricing strategy
or promotional campaign.
(5)Evaluate the Effectiveness of Decision Making

After taking a decision, its effectiveness is examined. This is sometimes


referred to as evaluation research.
After implementing the solution, it's crucial to monitor and
evaluate its effectiveness. This involves measuring the outcomes,
comparing them to the expected results, and determining
whether the solution has addressed the problem or seized the
opportunity. If necessary, adjustments or corrective actions are
made to ensure continuous improvement.

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