PRINCIPLES OF CLOUD

COMPUTING
UNIT-2

VIRTUALIZATION

Presented by-
SUSHMA SHIVAL
CSE Department
Content
 Introduction
 Concepts in use
 Tools & technologies
 Abstraction
 Load balancing
 Hypervisors
 Porting applications
 Infrastructure as a service
 Application framework
Introduction
 Virtualization is a fundamental technology for
cloud computing
 It allows users to access computing power,
storage, and applications on-demand over the
internet.
 This technology allows to create virtual versions
of physical computer hardware(such as storage
devices, operating systems, and servers).
 Enables multiple virtual machines (VMs) to
run on a single physical machine, each with its
own operating system and applications.
virtualization
 It was initially developed during the mainframe era.
 It is one of the main cost-effective, hardware-
reducing, and energy-saving techniques used by
cloud providers.
 It does this by assigning a logical name to physical
storage and providing a pointer to that physical
resource on demand.

1. Host Machine: The machine on which the virtual

machine is going to be built is known as Host Machine.
2. Guest Machine: The virtual machine is referred to as
a Guest Machine.
Virtualization in cloud
computing
Virtualization in Cloud
computing
It has many benefits, including:
 Improved efficiency-Virtualization allows use of hardware
more efficiently, which can result in a greater return on
investment.
 Reduced costs- It can reduce the number of servers
needed, which can lower infrastructure costs and
maintenance.
 Increased flexibility- It allows scale and deploy
applications easily
 Reduced energy consumption- can reduce the amount of
cooling and power needed, which can help reduce a
company's carbon footprint.
 Faster redeployment- Virtual backup tools can speed up
the redeployment process if a physical server crashes.
Representation of virtualization
Uses of Virtualization

 Data-integration
 Business-integration
 Service-oriented architecture data-
services
 Searching organizational data
Abstraction &
virtualization
 The process of hiding the internal
workings of a program from users of the
application and the outside world is known
as "abstraction.“
 It acts as a barrier between the
application and any client applications
running.
 An abstraction of the data hides the
intricacies of the data, while a control or
process hides the implementation details.
ABSTRACTION
abstraction
 Virtualization is the process of constructing
an abstraction layer on top of computer
hardware using software.
 This layer enables the physical elements of a
single computer, such as its processors,
memory, storage, and other components, to
be partitioned into multiple virtual computers,
also known as virtual machines (VMs).
 Each virtual machine (VM) has its own
operating system (OS) and works on its own
 Comparison between
Abstraction and
Virtualization
Parameters of Abstraction Virtualization
comparison
It is the act of expressing vital It is a collection of different
characteristics while obscuring technologies and ideas that
have been brought together
Description the background information with the goal of providing an
from consumers and developers abstract environment in which
respectively. program may be executed.
The partitioning of interface Software is used to construct a
and implementation is virtual computer system via the
Dependence essential to the practice of process of virtualization
abstraction.

Data abstraction and process Storage virtualization, Network

virtualization, data virtualization,
abstraction are the two
Types application virtualization , desktop
subcategories that fall under virtualization and server
the umbrella term "abstraction." virtualization
Modifications in backend can be Virtual machines allow for the
done without effecting application division or molding of computer
Importance functions resources by concurrently running
several environments.
Abstraction levels
Characteristics of Virtualization

 Increased Security: The ability to control the

execution of a guest program in a completely
transparent manner opens new possibilities for
delivering a secure, controlled execution environment.
 Managed Execution: In particular, sharing,
aggregation, emulation, and isolation are the most
relevant features.
 Sharing: Virtualization allows the creation of a
separate computing environment within the same host.
 Aggregation: It is possible to share physical
resources among several guests, but virtualization
also allows aggregation, which is the opposite process
Virtualization
Types of Virtualization
 1.Application virtualization :helps a user to have remote access to an
application from a server. The server stores all personal information and
other characteristics of the application but can still run on a local
workstation through the internet.
 Technologies that use application virtualization are hosted applications
and packaged applications.
 2. Network Virtualization: The ability to run multiple virtual networks
with each having a separate control and data plan.
 It can be managed by individual parties that are potentially confidential
to each other & provides facility to create and provision virtual networks,
logical switches, routers, firewalls, load balancers, Virtual Private
Networks (VPN), and workload security within days or even weeks.
 3. Desktop Virtualization: allows the user’s OS to be remotely stored
on a server in the data center and allows the user to access their
desktop virtually . User mobility, portability, and easy management of
software installation, updates, and patches are benefits of Desktop
Virtualization
Types of Virtualization
 4. Storage Virtualization: is an array of servers that are managed by a virtual
storage system. It makes managing storage from multiple sources be managed
and utilized as a single repository. storage virtualization software maintains
smooth operations, consistent performance, and a continuous suite of
advanced functions despite changes, breaks down, and differences in the
underlying equipment.
 5. Server Virtualization: is a kind of virtualization in which the masking of
server resources takes place. By dividing central server (physical server)into
multiple different virtual servers by changing the identity number, and
processors to make each system operate its operating systems in an isolated
manner.
 6. Data Virtualization: This is the kind of virtualization in which the data is
collected from various sources and managed at a single place without knowing
more about the technical information like how data is collected, stored &
formatted then arranged that data logically so that its virtual view can be
accessed by its interested people and stakeholders, and users through the
various cloud services remotely.
 Companies are providing their services like Oracle, IBM, At scale, C data, etc.
Types of Virtualization
Load balancing in Cloud Computing

 Load balancing is a technique to optimize

resource utilization and ensure that no single
resource is overburdened with traffic.
 Cloud load balancing is defined as the method of
splitting workloads and computing properties in a
cloud computing.
 It is a process of distributing workloads across
multiple computing resources, such as servers,
virtual machines, or containers, to achieve better
performance, availability, and scalability.
 It can be implemented at various levels(network
layer, application layer, and database layer)
Load balancing
Load balancing
 Improved Performance: Load balancing  Complexity: Implementing load balancing in
helps to distribute the workload across cloud computing can be complex, especially
multiple resources, which reduces the load when dealing with large-scale systems. It
on each resource and improves the overall requires careful planning and configuration to
performance of the system. ensure that it works effectively.
 High Availability: Load balancing ensures  Cost: Implementing load balancing can add
that there is no single point of failure in the to the overall cost of cloud computing,
system, which provides high availability and especially when using specialized hardware
fault tolerance to handle server failures. or software.
 Scalability: Load balancing makes it easier  Single Point of Failure: While load
to scale resources up or down as needed, balancing helps to reduce the risk of a single
which helps to handle spikes in traffic or point of failure, it can also become a single
changes in demand. point of failure if not implemented correctly.
 Efficient Resource Utilization: Load  Security: Load balancing can introduce
balancing ensures that resources are used security risks if not implemented correctly,
efficiently, which reduces wastage and helps such as allowing unauthorized access or
to optimize costs. exposing sensitive data.

Advantages Disadvantages:
load balancing techniques used
in cloud computing

1. Network Load Balancing: This technique is used to balance

the network traffic across multiple servers or instances. It is
implemented at the network layer and ensures that the incoming
traffic is distributed evenly across the available servers.
2. Application Load Balancing: This technique is used to
balance the workload across multiple instances of an
application. It is implemented at the application layer and
ensures that each instance receives an equal share of the
incoming requests.
3. Database Load Balancing: This technique is used to balance
the workload across multiple database servers. It is
implemented at the database layer and ensures that the
incoming queries are distributed evenly across the available
database servers.