04.04 - Springs

Springs
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Introduction:
• Springs are mechanical components that store and release mechanical energy when
subjected to external forces or deformations.
• They are commonly used in various applications to provide elasticity, absorb shocks, and
control motion.
Types of Springs based on Load:
• Compression spring
• Tension/extension spring
• Torsion spring
Compression Springs
• Designed to operate with a compression load, so the spring gets shorter as the load
is applied to it.
• Compression springs are used in applications where the primary force is axial
compression.
• They are found in automotive suspensions, industrial machinery, and everyday
items like pens and mattresses.
Tension/extension spring
• The spring is designed to operate with a tension load, so the spring stretches
as the load is applied to it.
• They function by elongating during tension and storing energy. When on
tension removal, the mechanical spring returns to its original shape dissipating
the energy.
• Extension springs are an important part of garage doors, pull levers, jaw
pliers, and weighing machines.
Torsion Springs
• The load applied to a torsion spring is a torque or twisting force, and the end of
the spring rotates through an angle as the load is applied.
• A torsion spring is attached to two components horizontally or vertically using
their two ends. They function by storing and releasing rotational energy.
• The tighter the winding, the more energy the spring stores and releases on load
removal.
• They are applicable in garage doors, watches, etc.
Spiral Springs (Spiral Flat spring / Spiral Torsion spring)

• Spiral springs are rectangular metal strips made into a flat spiral
that can store and release a reasonable amount of energy at a
constant rate.
• Due to the constant release of energy, they are applicable in
making mechanical watches, seat recliners, toys, etc.
Leaf
Springs
• These spring types are from rectangular metal plates or leave bolted,
clamped, and applicable in shock absorption in heavy vehicles.
• A flat spring used in vehicle suspensions, electrical switches, and
bows. (Wikipedia)
Disk
Springs
• Disk springs are springs with conical shapes and flexible effects.
• Consequently, they are applicable in limited space.
Curved Disk Spring
Types:
• Curved disk springs or crescent washers function
1. Belleville Disk Spring
2. Curved Disk Spring by applying light pressure to the mating pair.
3. Slotted Disk Spring Therefore, they can resist loosening due to
4. Wave Disk Springs vibration.
• They are applicable in products that use threaded
Belleville Disk Spring bolts, fasteners, screws, and nuts in machines
• Belleville disk spring or coned-shaped disk spring has a which high and constant vibration.
cupped construction. Therefore, they don’t lie flat.
• They can compress and handle heavy loads. Therefore, they
are applicable to products used in high-stress conditions.
Bellivelle springs
Max. Load Carry
Type of Spring Description Application Capacity Cost Material Other Information
Commonly used in industrial and

Coil-shaped wire, Automotive
Helical Compression Varies widely Moderate Steel, Alloy, etc. automotive systems.
resists compression suspension, tools
Resisting axial compression loads
Coil-shaped wire, Trampolines, garage Provides resistance when extended.

Helical Tension Varies widely Moderate Steel, Alloy, etc.
resists tension doors Resisting axial tension loads
Coil-shaped wire, Applies torque when twisted.

Helical Torsion Clocks, doors, valves Varies widely Moderate Steel, Alloy, etc.
resists twisting Resisting torque or twisting loads
Flat, coiled wire, Electrical contacts, Stainless Steel, Provides even force across its surface.
Flat Spiral Moderate to High Moderate
resists compression seals etc. Suitable for axial compression loads
Circular, flat discs Spring Steel, Provides high force in a compact design.
Disc Springs Safety valves, clutches High Moderate
stacked together Alloy, etc. Excellent for axial compression loads.
Flexible support for heavy loads.

Multiple flat, curved Vehicle suspensions,
Leaf Springs Moderate to High Moderate Steel, Alloy, etc. Supporting axial loads in vehicle
strips in layers blades
suspensions
Provides high load with small deflection.

Conical shape, resists Bolted joints, shock Stainless Steel,
Belleville Springs High Moderate Resisting axial compression loads in
compression absorbers etc.
bolted joints, shock absorbers

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Springs

USA | Canada | India | Australia

Spiral Springs (Spiral Flat spring / Spiral Torsion spring)

Commonly used in industrial and

Coil-shaped wire, Trampolines, garage Provides resistance when extended.

Coil-shaped wire, Applies torque when twisted.

Flexible support for heavy loads.

Provides high load with small deflection.

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