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Week8 1

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29 views14 pages

Week8 1

Uploaded by

mf2744805
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrostatics

Electrostatics
 Branch of physics deals with study of charges at rest under action of
electric force
 Two types of charges
 Protons (Positive)
 Electrons (Negative)
 Positively charged body is one which loses electrons
 Negatively charged body is one which gains electrons
Electrostatics
Electric Force
 Force due to which charged particles attract or repel each other
 This force is responsible for stability of the atoms and molecules in
matter
 Human body is entirely made up of atoms and molecules
 So our existence is due to electric force
Qualitative nature of Electric Force
Point Charge
 A charge whose size is very small just like a point
Coulomb's Law
 A French army engineer formulated his law in 1784 AD on the basis of
measurements
 The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the
product of magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional to the
square of distance between them
Qualitative nature of Electric Force
Coulomb's Law

 According to the statement

 F= Electric Force
 k= Coloumb’s Constant
 q1q2=charges
 r= separation between charges
Qualitative nature of Electric Force
Coulomb's Law
• k is proportionality constant
• Its value depends upon the medium in which charges are placed and
system of units in which F, q and r are measured
• For Free Space

• If medium is free space then


• ε0 is permittivity of free space
• In SI its value is 8.85X10e-12
Qualitative nature of Electric Force
Coulomb's Law
• So Coulombs force in free space
Qualitative nature of Electric Force
Coulomb's Law
Vector Form
 As coulombs force is mutual force
 If q1 exerts force on q2 then
 q2 also exerts an equal and opposite force on q1
 Force exerted by q1 on q2 is denoted by F21
 Force exerted by q2 on q1 is denoted by F12
 Magnitude of both forces is same
Qualitative nature of Electric Force
Coulomb's Law
Vector Form
To represent directions, introduce unit vector

is the unit vector directed from q1 to q2

is the unit vector directed from q2 to q1

It can be seen from fig that


So
Qualitative nature of Electric Force
Coulomb's Law
Effect of medium
 If the medium between charges is insulator then coulombs force
decreases by a constant factor

 So coulombs force in insulator can be written as


Fields of force
1. What are the origin of Electric force and gravitational force?
2. How are these forces transmitted?
 The answer of first question is still unknown
 For the answer of how electric force is transmitted, Michael Faraday
introduces the concept of Electric Fields
Field Theory
 Intrinsic property of nature that an electric field exists in space around
an electric charge
 This electric field is considered to be force field
 It exerts force on charge placed in that field
Field Theory
Michael Faraday theory can be explained in two steps
Step1: charge q produces an electric field in space surrounding it
Field theory
Step2: this field interacts with a test charge q0 placed in it and
produces and electric force F on q0
The density of dots shows strength of electric field at various points
Field Theory
Electric Field Intensity
 Also known as electric field strength
 Equal to coulombs force per unit charge
 It is vector quantity and represented by E pointing to direction of F

 SI of Electric Intensity is NC-1

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