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    Unit 12 Sec 1

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    moorasaysawt

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    Unit 12 Sec 1

    Uploaded by

    moorasaysawt
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    Unit 12 sec 1

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    Copyright:

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    2 views7 pages

    Unit 12 Sec 1

    Uploaded by

    moorasaysawt

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Rates of

    reaction
    Unit 12 Secondary 1
    Following a reaction
    Before chemists can control reaction rates, they need to find out how fast a

    reaction is.

    ❖ Obtaining and presenting evidence


    ❖ Describing patterns and interpreting results

    ***In a reaction that makes a gas, the total amount of gas made by the end of
    each

    minute shows how the rate of reaction changes over time.


    Concentration and reaction rate

    ● For reactions involving solutions, the more concentrated the


    solution, the faster the reaction.

    ● The more concentrated an acid solution, the greater the number of


    acid particles dissolved in a certain volume of solution.

    ● The more concentrated an acid, the more frequently its particles


    collide the faster the reaction.
    Temperature and reaction rate

    Increasing temperature increases reaction rate.

    The higher the temperature, the more frequently particles collide.the


    faster the reaction.
    Surface area and reaction rate

    Increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases reaction rate.

    Increasing the surface area increases the number of particles available


    for reaction. The particles collide with solid particles more frequently, so
    the reaction rate increases.
    Catalysts and reaction rate
    A natural catalyst

    All enzymes are examples of catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction
    without being used up in the reaction.

    Another natural catalyst

    Amber has a test tube of hydrogen peroxide solution. She adds a small piece of chicken liver to
    the solution. It bubbles vigorously. A substance in the liver catalyses the decomposition reaction.
    The catalyst is an enzyme called catalase. It speeds up the reaction without being used up.

    Testing for oxygen gas

    Amber puts a glowing splint into the foam above the reaction mixture. The glowing splint relights.
    This shows that the gas produced in the reaction

    is oxygen.
    Using catalysts

    Catalysts are vital in the chemical industry. They speed reactions up,
    meaning that more product is made in a shorter time. For example, iron
    catalyses the reaction of hydrogen with nitrogen to make ammonia.
    Ammonia makes fertilisers and explosives.

    Catalytic converters in car exhaust systems contain metal catalysts


    such as platinum, rhodium, and palladium. The metals catalyse
    reactions such as the one below, in which poisonous carbon monoxide is
    converted to carbon dioxide, which is not poisonous.

    carbon monoxide + oxygen carbon dioxide

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