Electromagnetic Energy

ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY
Electromagnetic energy is radiant
energy that travels in waves at
the speed of light.
It can also be described as radiant energy,
electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic
waves, light, or the movement of radiation.
• Electromagnetic radiation can transfer of
heat. Electromagnetic waves carry the heat,
energy, or light waves through a vacuum or
a medium from one point to another. The
act of doing this is considered
electromagnetic energy.
• Electromagnetic radiation was discovered by
James Clerk Maxwell, a 19th-century physicist
whose findings greatly influenced what would
become known as quantum mechanics.
James Clerk Maxwell
• When it comes to how it works, we can
think of electromagnetic energy or
radiation as working similarly to a regular
ocean wave. In this metaphor, the
radiation is the water. The electromagnetic
waves are the ocean waves, and
the electromagnetic energy is produced
from the waves carrying water from the
middle of the ocean to the shore.
Electromagnetic energy travels in waves and spans a
broad spectrum from very long radio waves to very
short gamma rays.
 Electromagnetic energy is used to power the
modern world.
 Without advanced electromagnetic technology, cell
phones and computers, Bluetooth, GPS systems,
satellite imagery, and scientific understanding of our
planet and space as we know it would not be
viable.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
• The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all
types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels
and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes
from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that
come from a radio station are two types of
electromagnetic radiation. The other types of EM
radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum
are microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays
and gamma-rays.
RADIO WAVE
• radio wave, wave from the portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum at lower frequencies
than microwaves.
• The wavelengths of radio waves range from
thousands of meters to 30 cm. These correspond
to frequencies as low as 3 Hz and as high as 1
gigahertz (109 Hz).
• Radio-wave communications signals travel
through the air in a straight line, reflect off of
clouds or layers of the ionosphere, or
are relayed by satellites in space.
• Radio: Your radio captures radio waves emitted

by radio stations, bringing your favorite tunes.
• They are used in standard broadcast radio and
television, shortwave radio, navigation and air-
traffic control, cellular telephony, and even
remote-controlled toys.
MICROWAVE
• microwave, electromagnetic radiation having
a frequency within the range of 1 gigahertz to 1
terahertz (109–1012 cycles per second) and
a wavelength between 1 mm and 1 m.
• The uses of the microwave are similar to that of
radio waves. They are used in communications,
radio astronomy, remote sensing, radar, and of
course, owing to their heating application, they
are used in cooking as well.
INFRARED
• Infrared waves, or infrared light, are part of the
electromagnetic spectrum. People encounter
Infrared waves every day; the human eye cannot
see it, but humans can detect it as heat.
• A remote control uses light waves just beyond the
visible spectrum of light—infrared light waves—
to change channels on your TV. This region of the
spectrum is divided into near-, mid-, and far-
infrared. The region from 8 to 15 microns (µm) is
referred to by Earth scientists as thermal infrared
since these wavelengths are best for studying the
longwave thermal energy radiating from our
planet.
VISIBLE LIGHT
• The visible light spectrum is the segment of the
electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye
can view. More simply, this range of wavelengths
is called visible light. Typically, the human eye
can detect wavelengths from 380 to 700
nanometers.
• As the full spectrum of visible light travels
through a prism, the wavelengths separate
into the colors of the rainbow because each
color is a different wavelength. Violet has
the shortest wavelength, at around 380
nanometers, and red has the longest
wavelength, at around 700 nanometers.
ULTRAVIOLET
• Ultraviolet (UV) light has shorter wavelengths
than visible light. Although UV waves are
invisible to the human eye, some insects, such as
bumblebees, can see them. This is similar to how
a dog can hear the sound of a whistle just
outside the hearing range of humans.
• Ultraviolet radiation lies between wavelengths of
about 400 nanometres (1 nanometre [nm] is 10-9
metre) on the visible-light side and about 10 nm on
the X-ray side, though some authorities extend the
short-wavelength limit to 4 nm.
• Based on the interaction of wavelengths of
ultraviolet radiation with biological materials,
three divisions have been designated: UVA (400–
315 nm), also called black light; UVB (315–280
nm), responsible for the radiation’s best-known
effects on organisms; and UVC (280–100 nm),
which does not reach Earth’s surface.
• Most of the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is
absorbed by oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere,
which forms the ozone layer of the lower
stratosphere. Of the ultraviolet that does reach
Earth’s surface, almost 99 percent is UVA
radiation.
• UV radiation is widely used in industrial
processes and in medical and dental practices for
a variety of purposes, such as killing bacteria,
creating fluorescent effects, curing inks and
resins, phototherapy and suntanning. Different
UV wavelengths and intensities are used for
different purposes.
X-RAY
• X-ray, electromagnetic radiation of extremely
short wavelength and high frequency, with
wavelengths ranging from about 10−8 to
10−12 metre and corresponding frequencies from
about 1016 to 1020 hertz (Hz).
• X-rays were discovered in 1895 by German
physicist Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen while
investigating the effects of electron beams (then
called cathode rays) in electrical discharges
through low-pressure gases.
GAMMA RAY
• gamma ray, electromagnetic radiation of the
shortest wavelength and highest energy.
• Gamma rays are produced in the disintegration
of radioactive atomic nuclei and in the decay of
certain subatomic particles.
• The term gamma ray was coined by British
physicist Ernest Rutherford in 1903 following
early studies of the emissions of radioactive
nuclei.
THE ANATOMY OF
WAVE
CREST
• The crest of a wave is the point on the medium
that exhibits the maximum amount of positive or
upward displacement from the rest position.
TROUGH
• The trough of a wave is the point on the medium
that exhibits the maximum amount of negative
or downward displacement from the rest
position.
• The dashed line drawn through the center of the
diagram represents the equilibrium or rest position
AMPLITUDE
• The amplitude of a wave refers to the maximum
amount of displacement of a particle on the
medium from its rest position.
• the amplitude is the distance from rest to crest.
Similarly, the amplitude can be measured from
the rest position to the trough position.
WAVELENGTH
• The wavelength of a wave is simply the length of
one complete wave cycle.
• A wave is a repeating pattern. It repeats itself in
a periodic and regular fashion over both time
and space. And the length of one such spatial
repetition (known as a wave cycle) is the
wavelength.
• The wavelength can be measured as the distance
from crest to crest or from trough to trough. In
fact, the wavelength of a wave can be measured
as the distance from a point on a wave to the
corresponding point on the next cycle of the
wave.
FREQUENCY
• the frequency is the number of complete
vibrational cycles of a medium per a given
amount of time.
• the quantity frequency would have units of
cycles/second, waves/second, vibrations/second,
or something/second.
• unit for frequency is the Hertz (abbreviated
Hz) where 1 Hz is equivalent to 1
cycle/second
• 1 Hz = 1 cycle/sec
• Heinrich Hertz, in full Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, (born
February 22, 1857, Hamburg [Germany]—died
January 1, 1894, Bonn, Germany), German
physicist who showed that Scottish physicist James
Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism was
correct and that light and heat are electromagnetic
radiations.

Electromagnetic Energy

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ELECTROMAGNETIC

• Radio: Your radio captures radio waves emitted

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