Introduction To

Internet
Chapter One
What is the internet
• Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that
use the standard Internet protocol (often
called TCP/IP) to serve billions of users
worldwide. It is a network of networks
that consists of millions of private, public,
academic, business, and government
networks, of local to global scope, that are
linked by networking technologies.
History of the internet
• the history of the Internet begins with the
development of electronic computers in the
1950s.
• The US Department of Defense awarded
contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the
development of the ARPANET project.
• The first message was sent over the ARPANET in
1969 from computer science laboratory
at University of California, Los Angeles to the
second network at Stanford Research
Institute (SRI).
?Who Owns the Internet
• There are many organizations, corporations,
governments, schools, private citizens and
service providers that all own pieces of the
infrastructure, but there is no one body that
owns it all. There are, however, organizations
that oversee and standardize what happens on
the Internet and assign IP addresses and domain
names, such as the National Science Foundation,
the Internet Engineering Task
Force, ICANN , InterNICand the Internet
Architecture Board.
Internet Connections
• There are many ways a personal electronic
device can connect to the internet. They all use
different hardware and each has a range of
connection speeds:
1. Dial-Up (Analog 56K).
2. DSL
3. Cable
4. Wireless
5. Satellite
6. Cellular
Dial-Up.1
• Dial-up access is cheap but slow.
• A modem connects to the Internet after the computer
dials a phone number.
• This analog signal is converted to digital via the modem
and sent over a land-line serviced by a public telephone
network.
• Telephone lines are variable in quality and the
connection can be poor at times.
• The lines regularly experience interference and this
affects the speed.
• Since a computer or other device shares the same line as
the telephone, they can’t be active at the same time.
• Speed: 28K to 56K
DSL .2
• DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line.
• It is an internet connection that is always
“on”.
• uses 2 lines so your phone is not tied up
when your computer is connected.
• There is also no need to dial a phone
number to connect.
• DSL uses a router to transport data.
• Speed: 128K to 8 Mbps
Cable .3
• Cable provides an internet connection through a
cable modem and operates over cable TV lines.
• There are different speeds depending on if you
are uploading data transmissions or
downloading.
• The coax cable provides a much greater
bandwidth over dial-up or DSL telephone lines.
• Speed: 512K to 20 Mbp.
Wireless .4
• Wireless, or Wi-Fi, does not use
telephone lines or cables to connect
to the internet.
• It uses radio frequency.
• Wireless is also an always on
connection and it can be accessed
from just about anywhere.
• Speed: 5 Mbps to 20 Mbps.
Satellite .5
• Satellite accesses the internet via a
satellite in Earth’s orbit.
• The enormous distance that a signal
travels from earth to satellite and
back again, provides a delayed
connection compared to cable and
DSL.
• Speed: 12K to 2.0 Mbps
Cellular .6
• Cellular. Cellular technology provides wireless
Internet access through cell phones. The speeds
vary depending on the provider, but the most
common are 3G and 4G speeds. A 3G is a term
that describes a 3rd generation cellular network
obtaining mobile speeds of around 2.0 Mbps. 4G
is the fourth generation of cellular wireless
standards. The goal of 4G is to achieve peak
mobile speeds of 100 Mbps but the reality is
about 21 Mbps currently.
Advantages of the Internet
• you can send and receive e-mails
• you can get in touch with your friends
• you can do shopping
• you can downloads files, music and films
• you can find interesting materials
• you can meet/get to know a lot of people
• you can find flat or jobs quickly
• the net is easy and fast source of information
• the net makes our work easier
• the net enables us to do shopping, pay bills without leaving our homes
• the net saves our time (we don’t have to stay in queue)
• provides entertainment
• And much more…..
Disadvantages of the Internet
• Although the Internet is one of the
greatest creations, it also has many
disadvantages. Because the internet is
easily accessible to anyone, it can be a
dangerous place. You have to know who
you're dealing with or what you're getting
into. Predators, cyber criminals, bullies,
and corrupt businesses will try to take
advantage of the unwary visitor.
Disadvantages of the Internet
• Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime
• Exploitation and pornography and violent
images
• Addiction, time waster, and causes distractions
• Never being able to disconnect
• Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating
• Spam and advertising
• Depression, loneliness, and social isolation
• Health issues and obesity
• Buying things not needed
https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001810.htm
Electronic Communication Theory
• This theory emphasized the technical problems of trans
mitting a message from a sender to a receiver.
• It is based on, and uses the language of, electronics.
• The message begins with an information source,
the mind of the sender (writer or speaker), who encodes
a message into words and sentences.
• The message is transmitted as signal (text on paper or so
und waves) through a channel, where it may be distorted
by noise (such as smudged typing or acoustical problems)
.
• The receiver (listener or reader) decodes the message
Communication Model
Communication Model

Noise