For SMART SENSOR

SMART SENSOR
PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Dr.R Sivakumar
Asst.Professor
Dept of CSE(IoT)
INFORMATION CODING/PROCESSING
• It describes the approaches and procedures used in different systems to accurately
and efficiently represent, transfer, and alter data.
• It plays a crucial role in ensuring that information can be sent, received, stored, and
understood correctly, particularly in digital communication, computing, and data
storage.
Information Coding
• Information coding is the process of converting data or information into a specific
format or code that can be easily transmitted or stored. Coding is essential for:
•Efficient Data Transmission
•Data Compression
•Encryption.
•Error Detection and Correction
Types of Information Coding
1.Source Coding (Data Compression):
• Lossless Compression
• Lossy Compression
2. Channel Coding (Error Detection and Correction):
• Error Detection Codes
• Error Correction Codes
• Redundancy
3. Encryption (Cryptography):
• Converts plain data into an encoded form to secure it from
unauthorized access. Examples include AES (Advanced Encryption
Standard) and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman).
4. Data Encoding:
• Refers to the method of converting data into a different format for
compatibility and efficiency. For instance, text encoding like ASCII
and Unicode allows computers to understand and process text
characters.
Information Processing
Information processing involves manipulating and transforming data to
achieve a desired outcome. It is a fundamental part of how computers,
digital devices, and communication systems work. Information processing
can involve several stages:
1. Input: Receiving raw data from various sources (e.g., sensors, user
input, files).
2. Processing: Applying algorithms to transform, analyze, or compute
data. This includes tasks like sorting, filtering, aggregating, and
calculating.
3. Output: Presenting or transmitting the processed information in a
useful format (e.g., text, images, graphs, audio).
4. Storage: Storing data for future retrieval or use.
Types of Information Processing
1. Analog Processing:
Deals with continuous signals
2. Digital Processing:
Involves discrete signals, usually represented in binary (0s and 1s). al computing
tasks.
3. Real-Time Processing:
Information is processed and acted upon immediately..
4. Batch Processing:
Collecting and processing data in batches rather than individually..
5. Distributed Processing:
Processing data across multiple devices or systems, often over a network. This can
lead to faster processing and increased efficiency. Cloud computing and data
centers rely heavily on distributed processing.
A typical IC-temperature based smart sensor.
Data communication
• Data transmission from smart sensors to other systems or devices,
such as controllers, gateways, cloud platforms, or user interfaces, is
known as data communication.
• Smart sensors often process data locally (e.g., filtering, compressing, or converting it)
before transmitting it.
• This enhances data efficiency, reduces the amount of data that needs to be
transmitted, and enables more intelligent interaction with connected devices or
networks.
Communication Protocols:
Smart sensors use various communication protocols to send data. The
choice of protocol depends on the application, data rate requirements,
range, power consumption, and network infrastructure.
Common protocols include
• Wi-Fi: Suitable for high-bandwidth applications but consumes more power.
• Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE): Ideal for short-range, low-power
communication, such as wearable devices.
• Zigbee: Suitable for low-power, low-data-rate communication, often used in
smart home devices.
• LoRaWAN: A long-range, low-power protocol used for IoT applications
requiring long-distance communication, like agricultural monitoring.
• Ethernet and Modbus: Common in industrial settings for reliable wired
communication.
• Applications: Smart Home Devices, Industrial IoT (IIoT), Wearable
Devices, Environmental Monitoring.
A smart transmitter.
The basic multiloop connection. Demonstration of hardware

requirement of an intelligent field
device.
Standards for smart sensors
IEEE P 1451.1 This standard focuses on creating an information model for

Network Capable Application Processors (NCAPs), which are devices that
manage and communicate with smart transducers.
IEEE P 1451.2 provides the transducer-to-microprocessor communication
protocols and
transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS) formats.
IEEE P 1451.3 provides digital communication and TEDS formats.
IEEE P 1451.4 provides mixed mode communication protocols and also
the TEDS formats.
THE AUTOMATION
Distributed control structure.
Instruments and actuators star- Intelligent instrumentation and

connected to junction box actuators linked by a field bus

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SMART SENSOR

PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

The basic multiloop connection. Demonstration of hardware

IEEE P 1451.1 This standard focuses on creating an information model for

Distributed control structure.

Instruments and actuators star- Intelligent instrumentation and

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