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Advanced Geodesy - 2chapter One

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96 views9 pages

Advanced Geodesy - 2chapter One

rwrwr

Uploaded by

habte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advanced Geodesy

• What is geodesy? Who needs it and why? these are some


of the questions asked by many people. Actually,
geodesy is nothing new having been around for centuries.
• The classical definition, according to one of the "fathers
of geodesy" reads: "Geodesy is the science of measuring
and portraying the earth’s surface" [Helmert, 1880]

1
• Nowadays, we understand the scope of geodesy to be
somewhat wider.
"Geodesy is the discipline that deals with the
measurement and representation of the earth,
including its gravity field, in a three-dimensional time
varying space." [Vanícek and Krakiwsky, 1986]
• Webster defines geodesy as
"that branch of applied mathematics which determines
by observation and measurement the exact positions
of points and the figures and areas of large portions of
the earths surface, the shape and size of the earth,
and the variations of terrestrial gravity.“
• It is a specialized application of several familiar part of
basic mathematical and physical concepts.
• In practice, geodesy uses the principles of
mathematics, astronomy and physics, and applies
them within the capabilities of modern engineering
and technology.
2
• Geodesy, a branch of earth sciences, is the
scientific discipline that deals with the
measurement and representation of size and
shape of the Earth, including its gravitational field,
in a three-dimensional time-varying space.
• Geodesy supplies positioning information about
locations on the Earth, and this information is
used in a variety of applications, including civil
engineering, boundary demarcations, navigation,
resource management and exploration, and
geophysical studies of the dynamics of the Earth.
• Geodesists basically assign addresses to points all
over the Earth.
• If you were to stick pins in a model of the Earth
and then give each of those pins an address, then
you would be doing what a geodesist does.
• By looking at the height, angles, and distances
between these locations, geodesists create a
spatial reference system that every one can use.
3
Computation on ellipsoid
• Based on the fact that the earth is flattened into
an ellipse and is not a true sphere.
• In geodetic surveying, the computation of the
geodetic coordinates which closely
approximates of points is performed on an
ellipsoid the size and shape of the earth in the
area of the survey.
• The ellipsoid is a mathematically defined regular
surface with specific dimensions.

4
Ellipse Characteristics
Flattening of an ellipse
…..eqn (1)

a = semi-major axis
b = semi-minor axis
f = degree of flattening of the ellipse

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6
1st Eccentricity of an Ellipse

…..eqn (2)

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2nd Eccentricity of an Ellipse

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