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Key Actors in Governance

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11 views13 pages

Key Actors in Governance

Uploaded by

Liezel Mantilla
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GOVERNANCE

&
DEVELOPMENT
BANDIBAS, RICA G.
KEY ACTORS IN GOVERNANCE
(Domain of Governance)
1.STATE/PUBLIC SECTOR
2.BUSINESS/PRIVATE
SECTOR
3.CIVIL SOCIETY
 STATE/PUBLIC SECTOR
 the principal actor of government to
facilitate participation and provide an
enabling environment to other elements of
the society.

 It encourages citizens to act by liberating


them from the fear of military reprisals when
they criticize policies or serve marginalized
groups
 BUSINESS SECTOR
 serves as the engine of the society
 animportant collaborator in the economic
development of the community.

 can also provide the needed resources for


the government to enable it to pursue big
and wide scale projects that are beyond
the local government’s financial capability
 CIVIL SOCIETY
 play a key role as they engage in programs and
deliver services in areas where government is
absent or where the private sector is not
interested in

 often called as CSOs- civil society organizations


and also sometimes referred to as the Third
Sector.

 All actors other than government and the military


Government is one of the
key actors in governance
But there are other actors in governance which include:
• influential land lords,
• associations of peasant farmers,
• cooperatives,
• NGOs,
• research institutes,
• religious leaders,
• finance institutions political parties,
• the military etc
Relationships between Governance and Human Development
as performed by each Domain of Governance

(Each domain of governance - the state, the private sector and


civil society - has a unique role in promoting sustainable human
development
THE STATE/PUBLIC SECTOR
In countries where electoral processes exist, the state is
composed of an elected government and an executive
branch.

The state's functions are manifold - among them, being


the focus of the social contract that defines citizenship,
being the authority that is mandated to control and exert
force, having responsibility for public services and
creating an enabling environment for sustainable human
development.
The latter means :
• establishing and maintaining stable, effective and fair
legal-regulatory frameworks for public and private activity.
• It means ensuring stability and equity in the marketplace.
• It means mediating interests for the public good.
• It means providing effective and accountable public
services.

In all four roles, the state faces a challenge –


Which is ensuring that good governance addresses the
concerns and needs of the poorest by increasing the
opportunities for people to seek, achieve and sustain the
kind of life they aspire to.
But people can be empowered only if their legislatures, electoral
processes and legal and judicial systems work properly.

Parliaments of freely and fairly elected members representing different


parties are crucial to popular participation and government
accountability.

Effective legal and judicial systems protect the rule of law and the rights
of all.

Open elections mean public confidence and trust - and so political


legitimacy.

States should also decentralize political and economic systems to be


more responsive to citizens' demands and to changing economic
conditions.
In developed and developing countries alike, the
state is being compelled to redefine its role in
social and economic activity - to reduce it,
reorient it, reconfigure it. The pressures for
change stem from three sources:
 The private sector wants a more conducive market environment
and a better balance between state and market.
 Citizens want increased accountability and responsiveness from
government, as well as greater decentralization.
 Global pressures from supranational and worldwide social and
economic trends are challenging the identity and nature of the state.
THE BUSINESS/PRIVATE SECTOR
Served as the primary source of opportunities for productive employment. Economic globalization is
fundamentally changing the ways in which industries and enterprises operate. In many developing
countries, private enterprise must be encouraged and supported to be more transparent and
competitive in the international marketplace.

Equitable growth, gender balance, environmental preservation, expansion of the private sector and
responsible and effective participation in international commerce cannot be achieved by the market
alone, however. States can foster private sector development that is sustainable by:
 Creating a stable macroeconomic environment.
 Maintaining competitive markets.  Ensuring that the poor (especially women) have easy access to
credit.
 Nurturing enterprises that generate the most jobs and opportunities.
 Attracting investment and helping to transfer knowledge and technologies, particularly to the poor.
 Enforcing the rule of law.
 Providing incentives for human resource development.  Protecting the environment and natural
resources.
THE CIVIL SOCIETY
Civil society organizations channel people's participation
in economic and social activities and organize them into
more powerful groups to influence public policies and
gain access to public resources, especially for the poor.

They can provide checks and balances on government


power and monitor social abuses. They also offer
opportunities for people to develop their capacities and
improve their standards of living - by monitoring the
environment, assisting the disadvantaged, developing
human resources, helping communication among
business people.
Apart from three key players of governance above, the
Institute on Governance considers a fourth player, the
Media, which provides for a flow of information between the
major players, and between the players and society at large.
However, media, even if not controlled by the state, is part
of the private sector and therefore not a dispassionate
player.
The relative size and strength of each of the players varies
depending on the history, culture and politics of the country.
There are no firm boundaries between these players (and in
fact they often overlap) because the borders of these sectors
are permeable (e.g. state-owned organizations may have a
foot in both government and the private sector; government-
funded NGOs also straddle two camps). Edgar et. al (2006)

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