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Operations Scheduling
Operations Scheduling Scheduling: The allocation of resources over time to accomplish specific tasks. Operations scheduling: A type of scheduling in which jobs are assigned to workstations or employees are assigned to jobs for specified time periods. Manufacturing Process
Shipping Department Raw Materials
Legend: Batch of parts Workstation Gantt Charts Gantt chart: Used as a tool to monitor the progress of work and to view the load on workstations. The chart takes two basic forms: (1) the job or activity progress chart, and (2) the workstation chart. The Gantt progress chart graphically displays the current status of each job or activity relative to its scheduled completion date. The Gantt workstation chart shows the load on the workstations and the nonproductive time. Gantt Progress Chart Gantt Progress Chart for an Auto Parts Company Start activity Scheduled activity time Finish activity Current date Actual progress Nonproductive time
Pontiac Gantt Workstation Chart Gantt Workstation Chart for Hospital Operating Rooms Priority Rules in Scheduling Earliest due date (EDD): A priority sequencing rule that specifies that the job with the earliest due date is the next job to be processed. First-come, first-served (FCFS): A priority sequencing rule that specifies that the job arriving at the workstation first has the highest priority. Shortest processing time (SPT): A priority sequencing rule that specifies that the job requiring the shortest processing time is the next job to be processed. Performance Measures in Scheduling
Performance measures ◦ Flow time
Flow time =Finish time+ Time since job arrived at
workstation
Past due (also referred to as tardiness): a
job that has not been completed by its cutoff time at the end of its due date Past due=Finish time – due date Using the FCFS Rule
EXAMPLE: Currently a consulting company has five jobs in its backlog. The time since the order was placed, processing time, and promised due dates are given in the following table. Determine the schedule by using the FCFS rule, and calculate the average days past due and flow time.
Customer Time Since Order Processing Time Due Date
Arrived (days ago) (days) (days from now) A 15 25 29 B 12 16 27 C 5 14 68 D 10 10 48 E 0 12 80 Using the FCFS Rule SOLUTION The FCFS rule states that Customer A should be the first one in the sequence, because that order arrived earliest—15 days ago. Customer E’s order arrived today, so it is processed last. The sequence is shown in the following table, along with the days past due and flow times. Using the FCFS Rule
Customer Start Processing Finish Due Days Days Ago Flow
Sequence Time Time (days) Time Date Past Since Order Time (days) (days) Due Arrived (days)
A 0 + 25 = 25 29 0 15 40 B 25 + 16 = 41 27 14 12 53 D 41 + 10 = 51 48 3 10 61 C 51 + 14 = 65 68 0 5 70 E 65 + 12 = 77 80 0 0 77 Using the FCFS Rule The finish time for a job is its start time plus the processing time. Its finish time becomes the start time for the next job in the sequence, assuming that the next job is available for immediate processing. The days past due for a job is zero (0) if its due date is equal to or exceeds the finish time. Otherwise it equals the shortfall. The flow time for each job equals its finish time plus the number of days ago since the order first arrived at the workstation. The days past due and average flow time performance measures for the FCFS schedule are 0 + 14 + 3 + 0 + 0 Average days past due = = 3.4 days 5
40 + 53 + 61 + 70 + 77 Average flow time = = 60.2 days 5 Using the EDD Rule Create a schedule using the EDD rule, calculating the average days past due and flow time. In this case, does EDD outperform the FCFS rule?
Customer Time Since Order Processing Time Due Date
Arrived (days ago) (days) (days from now) A 15 25 29 B 12 16 27 C 5 14 68 D 10 10 48 E 0 12 80 Using the EDD Rule
Customer Start Processing Finish Due Days Days Ago Flow
Sequence Time Time (days) Time Date Past Since Order Time (days) (days) Due Arrived (days)
B 0 + 16 = 16 27 0 12 28 A 16 + 25 = 41 29 12 15 56 D 41 + 10 = 51 48 3 10 61 C 51 + 14 = 65 68 0 5 70 E 65 + 12 = 77 80 0 0 77 Using the EDD Rule The days past due and average flow time performance measures for the EDD schedule are 0 + 12 + 3 + 0 + 0 Average days past due = = 3.0 days 5 28 + 56 + 61 + 70 + 71 Average flow time = = 58.4 days 5
