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AP m24 Week10 Fileio

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6 views25 pages

AP m24 Week10 Fileio

Uploaded by

sanskriti gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advanced Programming

CSE 201
Instructor: Sambuddho

(Semester: Monsoon 2024)


Week 10 – File Streams and I/O Operations
Reading and Writing to files.
● Input stream: Used to read sequence of bytes (could be
anything ``representable’’ as a file).

● Output stream: Used to write sequence of bytes (could be


anything ``representable’’ as a file).
Reading and Writing to files.
● InputStream : abstract int read()
● [ Return values: -1 if error, or the byte read (upcasted to an int {4-bytes}). ]

● OutputStream : abstract void write(int b)


● [ Write a single byte (upcasted as an int). ]S
I/O Stream (plus Reader/Writer) Hierarchy
I/O Stream (plus Reader/Writer) Hierarchy
Reading Writing from Files

FileInputStream – Read bytes from file.


FileOutputStream – Write bytes to file
Reading Writing from Files -- PushbackInputStream
Text I/O – Reader/Writer
● char b = (char) in.read();
Text I/O – Buffered Reader
● Reader br = new BufferedReader(new BufferedInputStream(new InputStreamReader(“myfile”)));

● String next_str = br.readline(); // Read an entire line.

● char next_char = br.read(); // read single character.

● List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(path, charset); // read multiple lines as strings for file path.

● Alternative way to read lines of a file without the List<>.

● InputStream inputStream = . . .;
● try (BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,
● StandardCharsets.UTF_8)))
● {
● String line;
● while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
● {
● do something with line
● }
● }

●
Text I/O – File Writer
Reading and Writing Binary Data

● DataInput and DataOutput interfaces:

● readChars(), readByte(), readInt(), readShort(), readLong(), readFloat(), readDouble(), readChar(), readBoolean(),


readUTF().

● writeChars(), writeByte(), writeInt(), writeShort(), writeLong(), writeFloat(), writeDouble(), writeChar(),


writeBoolean(), writeUTF().

● Using DataInputStream and DataOutputStream:

● DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("employee.dat"));


● DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("employee.dat"));

●
Reading and Writing Binary Data
Random Access Files

● - Files are sequential access.


● - Random access files can help access at any location (seek at random
locations) – has a ``file pointer’’ much like C/C++.
● - RandomAccessFile implements both DataInput and DataOutput interfaces –
use methods like readInt()/writeInt() etc.
Zip Archive Files

● - Used for accessing compressed (.zip) files.


● - ZipInputStream class to read a .zip file.
● - ZipOutputStream class to write to a .zip file.
● - Compressed file stream stored in blocks, aka ``entires’’.
Zip Archive Files

● Writing to a ZIP file – use ZipOutputStream class.

● FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("test.zip");


● ZipOutputStream zout = new ZipOutputStream(fout);

● for all files

● {
● ZipEntry ze = new ZipEntry(filename);
● zout.putNextEntry(ze);
● zout.write(...);
● zout.closeEntry();
● }
● zout.close();
Path Interface and Files Class

● Used to work with the file system for operations like create file, delete file,
create directory etc.

● Paths – Sequence of directory names, optionally followed by a file name. The


first component is the root [e.g. / or C:\ ].

(Throws InvalidPathException if it is not a valid path)


Path Interface and Files Class

● Read path as a string from a config file.


●

Path resolution:

To resolve a path, e.g. to find the working


directory relative to a known path:

OR
Reading Files

Read bytes from a file into a byte array.

Read all lines are a collection of strings.

Write bytes to a file.

Reading large files:


Directories

Creating directory from path.

Creating intermediate directories.

Creating and empty file in a directory.

Creating temporary files and directories in


system-specific locations.
Copying, Moving and Deleting Files

Copy file from one location to another.

Move/rename

Copy/move with target overwrite:

Atomic move (move correctly or don’t remove sources):

Copy files from InputStream to path and from


Path to OutputStream

Delete file
Getting File Attributes

All FS attributes are encapsulated in


the BasicFileAttributes and
PosixFileAttributes
Directory Traversal/Walk
Filtering files in a directory
Directories are also files, so you can
read all the entries of a directory
and use them.

Using directory streams.


Memory Mapped I/O
- Instead of writing and reading from disk directly, map the file to a memory location and work
on it like its a flat memory.

(Caveat: In reality all files are mapped to a location of memory for faster operation, aka
BufferedReader).

Steps:
1. Get a FileChannel object of a file (like a file handle).
2. Specify the file area you want to map, using the FileChannel (1) and the mapping mode
(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY,FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE,FileChannel.MapMode.P
rivate).
3. (2) provides a reference to ByteBuffer class that can be used for reading and writing like a
flat file.

Buffers can be both sequential (using the get() and put() method that advance the position) or
random-access using the actual location.
Memory Mapped I/O

Sequential access

Random access
Memory Mapped I/O

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