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Introduction To Soft Computing

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31 views

Introduction To Soft Computing

Uploaded by

Anu Priya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Soft Computing

COMPUTING?
Concept of Computing

• Basic of computing y = f (x), f is a mapping


function f is also called a formal method or an
algorithm to solve a problem.
Hard Computing
?
Hard Computing
• In 1996, LA Zade (LAZ) introduced the term
hard computing.
• According to LAZ: We term a computing as
”Hard” computing, if
• Precise result is guaranteed
• Control action is unambiguous
• Control action is formally defined (i.e. with
mathematical model
Cont
• Example: Solving numerical problems (e.g.
Roots of polynomials, Integration etc.)
• Searching and sorting techniques
• Solving ”Computational Geometry” problems
(e.g. Shortest tour in Graph theory, Finding
closest pair of points etc.)
Soft Computing
• Soft computing is the reverse of hard (conventional)
computing.
• Zadeh coined the term of soft computing in 1992
• According to Prof. , LA Zade in contrast to traditional
hard computing, soft computing exploits
• the tolerance for imprecision,
• uncertainty,
• partial truth to achieve tractability,
• robustness,
• low solution-cost,
Characteristics of SC
• It does not require any mathematical
modeling of problem solving
• It may not yield the precise solution I
Algorithms are adaptive (i.e. it can adjust to
the change of dynamic environment)
• Use some biological inspired methodologies
such as genetics, evolution, Ant’s behaviors,
particles swarming, human nervous systems
etc.
CONSTITUENTS OF SC
• Fuzzy System : Reasoning and imprecision
• Neural Network :Learning
• Evolutionary Computing (Genetic
Algorithm) :Searching and Optimization
• Role model of soft computing is Human mind
APPLICATIONS OF SOFT COMPUTING
• It is widely used in gaming products like Poker and
Checker.
• In kitchen appliances, such as Microwave and Rice cooker.
• In most used home appliances - Washing Machine, Heater,
Refrigerator, and AC as well.
• Apart from all these usages, it is also used in Robotics
work (Emotional per Robot form).
• Image processing and Data compression are also popular
applications of soft computing.
• Used for handwriting recognition.
Hard Computing vs Soft Computing
Elements of soft computing

• Soft computing is viewed as a foundation component


for an emerging field of conceptual intelligence.
• Fuzzy Logic (FL),
• Machine Learning (ML),
• Neural Network (NN),
• Probabilistic Reasoning (PR),
• Evolutionary Computation (EC) are the supplements of
soft computing.
• Also, these are techniques used by soft computing to
resolve any complex problem.
Any problems can be resolved effectively using
these components. Following are three types of
techniques used by soft computing:
• Fuzzy Logic
• Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
• Genetic Algorithms
Fuzzy Logic (FL)

• Fuzzy logic is nothing but mathematical logic which


tries to solve problems with an open and imprecise
spectrum of data.
• It makes it easy to obtain an array of precise
conclusions.
• Fuzzy logic is basically designed to achieve the best
possible solution to complex problems from all the
available information and input data.
• Fuzzy logics are considered as the best solution
finders.
Neural Network (ANN)

• Neural networks were developed in the 1950s, which helped


soft computing to solve real-world problems, which a
computer cannot do itself. We all know that a human brain can
easily describe real-world conditions, but a computer cannot.
• An artificial neural network (ANN) emulates a network of
neurons that makes a human brain (means a machine that can
think like a human mind). Thereby the computer or a machine
can learn things so that they can take decisions like the human
brain.
• Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are mutually connected with
brain cells and created using regular computing programming.
It is like as the human neural system.
Genetic Algorithms (GA)

• Genetic algorithm is almost based on nature


and take all inspirations from it.
• There is no genetic algorithm that is based on
search-based algorithms, which find its roots
in natural selection and the concept of
genetics.
• In addition, a genetic algorithm is a subset of a
large branch of computation.

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